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Dischargeability Complaint

dischargeability-complaint

Drafts a U.S. bankruptcy adversary complaint under 11 U.S.C. §523 to determine non-dischargeability of debt. Use when a creditor, assignee, or subrogee needs a complaint for Bankruptcy Court with §523 theories (fraud, fiduciary defalcation, willful/malicious injury). Trigger when inputs include d...

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Full skill instructions

Dischargeability Complaint

Drafts a court-ready adversary complaint under 11 U.S.C. §523 for U.S. bankruptcy proceedings, with jurisdiction/​venue allegations, evidence-anchored counts, and FRBP compliance.

Quick Start

Collect before drafting:

  • Standing: Plaintiff's enforcement right (original creditor, assignee, successor, subrogee)
  • Case data: Court, case number, chapter, petition date, first §341 date, conversion status
  • Deadline posture: FRBP 4007(c) timing — confirm filing window or extension basis
  • Evidence: Contracts, account records, correspondence, payment history, admissions, fiduciary documents
  • §523 theories: Map each subsection to its required elements under controlling circuit law
  • Damages: Principal, contractual interest, statutory interest, fees, costs
  • Local rules: Caption format, paragraph style, line numbering, font/​margins, filing protocol

Core Workflow

1. Build complaint scaffold

SectionContentVerify
CaptionCourt name, bankruptcy case no., adversary caption, partiesDistrict matches debtor case
Jurisdiction/​Venue28 U.S.C. §§1334, 157(b)(2)(I), 1409; core proceedingExplicitly alleged
PartiesNames, addresses, standing chainStanding complete
Procedural posturePetition date, §341 date, Rule 4007(c) timingWithin deadline or extension stated
Factual narrativeChronological facts with dates and sourcesEach allegation tied to exhibit
CountsPer-theory allegations for each §523 subsectionAll elements and remedies included
PrayerNon-dischargeability, amount, interest, fees, costsAmounts traceable to evidence
VerificationPerjury statement and signature blockAuthorized signer confirmed
Service checklistFiling-ready packageComplete

2. Plead theory-specific elements

TheoryElementsStyle
§523(a)(2)(A)False representation, scienter, reliance, proximate causation, damagesFact-dense: who/​what/​when/​where/​how
§523(a)(2)(B)Materially untrue financial statementAttach supporting financials, explain materiality
§523(a)(4)Express fiduciary relationship, breach, fraud/​defalcationDistinguish express fiduciary duty from contractual/​statutory
§523(a)(6)Willful and malicious injuryShow intentional conduct + substantial certainty of harm

3. Apply paragraph construction rules

  • Number all paragraphs; keep short-to-medium length for readability.
  • Fraud allegations must satisfy Rule 9(b): identify statement, communicator, medium, date, and falsity.
  • Incorporate prior paragraphs by reference at each count's start.
  • Use separate counts per theory — prevents collapse if one fails.
  • Cross-reference facts; do not repeat full blocks.

4. Produce mandatory sections

  1. Complaint heading and title
  2. Jurisdiction and venue
  3. Parties / standing
  4. Factual background
  5. Procedural timing
  6. Count I: §523(a)(2)(A)
  7. Count II: §523(a)(4) (if applicable)
  8. Count III: §523(a)(6) (if applicable)
  9. Prayer for relief
  10. Verification
  11. Signature block
  12. Service/​filing checklist

Legal Constraints

  • FRBP 7001: Adversary proceeding form governs structure.
  • FRBP 7009 / Rule 9(b): Heightened pleading for fraud allegations.
  • FRBP 7012 / Rule 12(b)(6): Frame for plausibility to resist dismissal.
  • FRCP 11: Remove weak, conclusory, or unsupported allegations — sanctions exposure.

Pitfalls and Checks

  • Reconcile all damages figures against attached evidence.
  • Confirm every element has at least one direct fact anchor.
  • No allegation may rest on speculation — separate facts from legal inference.
  • Do not mix circuit authority; use only jurisdiction-verified standards.
  • Do not plead causes outside §523 scope.
  • Keep tone objective — factual allegations only, no inflammatory language.
  • Include [VERIFY] placeholders for unresolved legal standards or local-rule citations.
  • Confirm attorney signature, bar status, and filing authorization before finalizing.
  • Preserve exhibit organization and authentication trail.

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