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反复检索模式 (Iterative Retrieval Pattern)

iterative-retrieval

为了解决子智能体(Sub-agent)的上下文问题,逐步优化上下文获取的模式

SKILL.md

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反复检索模式 (Iterative Retrieval Pattern)

解决多智能体工作流(Multi-agent Workflow)中的“上下文问题”。子智能体在开始工作之前,通常不知道需要哪些上下文。

问题

子智能体(Sub-agent)在启动时上下文有限。它们通常不知道:

  • 哪些文件包含相关的代码
  • 代码库中存在哪些模式(Patterns)
  • 项目使用什么术语

标准方法往往会失败:

  • 发送全部:超出上下文限制(Context Limit)
  • 什么都不发:智能体缺乏关键信息
  • 猜测所需内容:经常出错

解决方案:反复检索

分为 4 个阶段的循环,逐步优化上下文:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                                             │
│   ┌──────────┐      ┌──────────┐            │
│   │ DISPATCH │─────▶│ EVALUATE │            │
│   └──────────┘      └──────────┘            │
│        ▲                  │                 │
│        │                  ▼                 │
│   ┌──────────┐      ┌──────────┐            │
│   │   LOOP   │◀─────│  REFINE  │            │
│   └──────────┘      └──────────┘            │
│                                             │
│        最大 3 个循环,之后继续执行             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘

阶段 1: 派发 (DISPATCH)

收集候选文件的初始宽泛查询:

// 从高层意图开始
const initialQuery = {
  patterns: ['src/​**/​*.ts', 'lib/​**/​*.ts'],
  keywords: ['authentication', 'user', 'session'],
  excludes: ['*.test.ts', '*.spec.ts']
};

// 派发给检索智能体
const candidates = await retrieveFiles(initialQuery);

阶段 2: 评估 (EVALUATE)

评估获取内容的关联性(Relevance):

function evaluateRelevance(files, task) {
  return files.map(file => ({
    path: file.path,
    relevance: scoreRelevance(file.content, task),
    reason: explainRelevance(file.content, task),
    missingContext: identifyGaps(file.content, task)
  }));
}

评分标准:

  • 高 (0.8-1.0):直接实现目标功能
  • 中 (0.5-0.7):包含相关的模式或类型
  • 低 (0.2-0.4):间接相关
  • 无 (0-0.2):不相关,排除

阶段 3: 优化 (REFINE)

根据评估更新检索标准:

function refineQuery(evaluation, previousQuery) {
  return {
    // 添加在高关联性文件中发现的新模式
    patterns: [...previousQuery.patterns, ...extractPatterns(evaluation)],

    // 添加在代码库中发现的术语
    keywords: [...previousQuery.keywords, ...extractKeywords(evaluation)],

    // 排除已确认的无关路径
    excludes: [...previousQuery.excludes, ...evaluation
      .filter(e => e.relevance < 0.2)
      .map(e => e.path)
    ],

    // 针对特定的缺口 (Gaps)
    focusAreas: evaluation
      .flatMap(e => e.missingContext)
      .filter(unique)
  };
}

阶段 4: 循环 (LOOP)

使用优化后的标准重复执行(最多 3 个循环):

async function iterativeRetrieve(task, maxCycles = 3) {
  let query = createInitialQuery(task);
  let bestContext = [];

  for (let cycle = 0; cycle < maxCycles; cycle++) {
    const candidates = await retrieveFiles(query);
    const evaluation = evaluateRelevance(candidates, task);

    // 检查是否有足够的上下文
    const highRelevance = evaluation.filter(e => e.relevance >= 0.7);
    if (highRelevance.length >= 3 && !hasCriticalGaps(evaluation)) {
      return highRelevance;
    }

    // 优化并继续
    query = refineQuery(evaluation, query);
    bestContext = mergeContext(bestContext, highRelevance);
  }

  return bestContext;
}

实践案例

案例 1:Bug 修复上下文

任务:"修复认证令牌过期 Bug"

循环 1:
  DISPATCH: 在 src/​** 中搜索 "token"、"auth"、"expiry"
  EVALUATE: 发现 auth.ts(0.9)、tokens.ts(0.8)、user.ts(0.3)
  REFINE: 添加 "refresh"、"jwt" 关键词;排除 user.ts

循环 2:
  DISPATCH: 使用优化后的术语搜索
  EVALUATE: 发现 session-manager.ts(0.95)、jwt-utils.ts(0.85)
  REFINE: 已获得足够上下文(2 个极高关联性文件)

结果: auth.ts, tokens.ts, session-manager.ts, jwt-utils.ts

案例 2:功能实现

任务:"在 API 端点添加速率限制"

循环 1:
  DISPATCH: 在 routes/​** 中搜索 "rate"、"limit"、"api"
  EVALUATE: 未匹配 - 代码库使用的是 "throttle" 术语
  REFINE: 添加 "throttle"、"middleware" 关键词

循环 2:
  DISPATCH: 使用优化后的术语搜索
  EVALUATE: 发现 throttle.ts(0.9)、middleware/​index.ts(0.7)
  REFINE: 需要路由器模式(Router Pattern)

循环 3:
  DISPATCH: 搜索 "router"、"express" 模式
  EVALUATE: 发现 router-setup.ts(0.8)
  REFINE: 已获得足够上下文

结果: throttle.ts, middleware/​index.ts, router-setup.ts

与智能体集成

在智能体提示词(Prompt)中使用:

在获取此任务的上下文时:
1. 从宽泛的关键词搜索开始
2. 评估每个文件的关联性(0-1 刻度)
3. 识别仍缺失的上下文
4. 优化检索标准并重复(最多 3 个循环)
5. 返回关联性在 0.7 以上的文件

最佳实践

  1. 宽进严出 - 初始查询不要过于具体。
  2. 学习代码库术语 - 第一个循环通常能揭示项目的命名规范。
  3. 追踪缺失内容 - 明确的缺口(Gaps)识别能有效驱动检索优化。
  4. “足够好”即可停止 - 3 个高关联性文件通常优于 10 个平庸文件。
  5. 果断排除 - 低关联性文件通常不会在后续循环中变得相关。

相关项目

  • The Longform Guide - 子智能体编排(Sub-agent Orchestration)章节
  • continuous-learning 技能 - 用于随时间改进的模式
  • ~/​.claude/​agents/ 中的智能体定义

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