designing-zod-schemas
Designs Zod schemas following Zod-first development. Creates validation schemas, branded types, discriminated unions, and transforms. Infers TypeScript types from schemas. Triggers on: Zod schema, z.object, z.infer, validation, branded types, discriminated union, safeParse, refinement.
Full skill instructions
Guide the design and implementation of Zod schemas following the project's Zod-first development approach, where schemas are defined before implementing business logic.
z.infer<> instead of manual type definitions| Need | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Basic validation | Primitives | z.string().min(1) |
| Domain safety | Branded types | transform((v) => v as EntitySlug) |
| Multiple types | Discriminated union | z.discriminatedUnion('type', [...]) |
| Cross-field rules | Refinement | .refine((data) => ...) |
| Data normalization | Transform | .transform((v) => v.trim()) |
| Partial updates | Partial schema | Schema.partial() |
import { z } from 'zod';
// String with constraints
const NameSchema = z.string().min(1).max(100).trim();
// Slug pattern
const SlugSchema = z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/);
// Number with range
const PriceSchema = z.number().min(0).multipleOf(0.01);
// Object schema
const EntitySchema = z.object({
name: z.string().min(1),
slug: z.string().regex(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/),
description: z.string().optional(),
});
// Array with validation
const TagsSchema = z.array(z.string()).min(1).max(10);
// Type inference
type Entity = z.infer<typeof EntitySchema>;
const result = schema.safeParse(data);
if (!result.success) {
// Handle errors
console.error(result.error.issues);
} else {
// Use validated data
const validData = result.data;
}
For detailed patterns and examples, see:
src/modules/config/schema/
├── schema.ts # Main configuration schema
├── primitives.ts # Reusable primitive schemas
├── entities/ # Entity-specific schemas
│ ├── category.ts
│ ├── product.ts
│ └── ...
└── index.ts # Schema exports
| Phase | Validate | Command |
|---|---|---|
| Schema defined | No TS errors | npx tsc --noEmit |
| Types inferred | z.infer works | Check type in IDE |
| Validation works | safeParse tests | pnpm test |
| Mistake | Issue | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Manual type definitions | Type drift | Use z.infer<typeof Schema> |
Using .parse() directly | Throws on invalid | Use .safeParse() for error handling |
Missing .optional() | Runtime errors | Mark optional fields explicitly |
| Complex refinements | Hard to debug | Break into smaller schemas |
| Not using branded types | Type confusion | Use .brand() or transform for domain safety |
For up-to-date Zod patterns, use Context7 MCP:
mcp__context7__get-library-docs with context7CompatibleLibraryID: "/colinhacks/zod"
{baseDir}/src/modules/config/schema/schema.ts - Main schema definitions{baseDir}/docs/CODE_QUALITY.md#zod-first-development - Quality standardsadding-entity-types for full schema-to-service implementationanalyzing-test-coverage for test data builderswriting-graphql-operations for schema-to-GraphQL patterns
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