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Configuring macOS

macos-configuring

Use when configuring macOS settings via terminal, setting up a new machine, asking to configure Finder/Dock/screenshots/keyboard/apps, generating setup scripts, or troubleshooting why a setting didn't take effect.

SKILL.md

Full skill instructions

Configuring macOS

How to configure macOS programmatically. Don't document specific commands here - use training knowledge or web search for those. This skill is about the process.

Responding to "Configure my X"

When the user asks to configure something:

  1. Training knowledge - Try what you know first
  2. Search references - Check macos-defaults.com or mathiasbynens/​.macos
  3. Last resort: Discovery - Use the diff technique below
  4. After writing - Tell user what restart is needed (see table)
  5. Generating script? - Use the script template

Discovering Unknown Settings (Last Resort)

When training and references don't have the answer:

# 1. Snapshot current state
defaults read > /​tmp/​before.plist

# 2. User changes setting in System Settings GUI

# 3. Diff to find what changed
defaults read > /​tmp/​after.plist
diff /​tmp/​before.plist /​tmp/​after.plist

For app-specific: defaults read com.apple.APPNAME > /​tmp/​before.plist

To find an app's domain:

osascript -e 'id of app "Photos"'           # Returns bundle ID
ls ~/​Library/​Preferences/ | grep -i photos  # Or check filesystem
defaults domains | tr ',' '\n' | grep -i photos

Applying Changes

Settings require process restart. Never auto-logout or auto-restart - tell the user what they need to do.

What ChangedHow to Apply
Dock, hot corners, Spaceskillall Dock (safe to run)
Finder, desktopkillall Finder (safe to run)
Menu bar itemskillall SystemUIServer (safe to run)
Keyboard, fn key, inputTell user: "Logout and log back in"
Login windowTell user: "Restart your Mac"
UncertainTry killall cfprefsd, then tell user to logout

Script Template

#!/​usr/​bin/​env bash
set -euo pipefail

echo "Configuring [category]..."

defaults write DOMAIN KEY -TYPE VALUE

killall PROCESS 2>/​dev/​null || true

echo "Done."

Troubleshooting

ProblemCause & Fix
Setting revertsApp overwrote on quit. Close app first.
No effectWrong domain (defaults find KEYWORD), or needs logout not killall
Cached valueskillall cfprefsd flushes preference cache
Permission deniedMay need sudo, or protected by SIP

Quick Reference

defaults write DOMAIN KEY -TYPE VALUE   # Set
defaults read DOMAIN KEY                # Get
defaults delete DOMAIN KEY              # Remove
defaults find KEYWORD                   # Search all domains

Types: -string, -int, -float, -bool, -array, -dict

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