ShellCheck CI/CD Integration (2025)

🚨 CRITICAL GUIDELINES

Windows File Path Requirements

MANDATORY: Always Use Backslashes on Windows for File Paths

When using Edit or Write tools on Windows, you MUST use backslashes (\) in file paths, NOT forward slashes (/).

Examples:

• ❌ WRONG: D:/​repos/​project/​file.tsx
• ✅ CORRECT: D:\repos\project\file.tsx

This applies to:

• Edit tool file_path parameter
• Write tool file_path parameter
• All file operations on Windows systems

Documentation Guidelines

NEVER create new documentation files unless explicitly requested by the user.

• Priority: Update existing README.md files rather than creating new documentation
• Repository cleanliness: Keep repository root clean - only README.md unless user requests otherwise
• Style: Documentation should be concise, direct, and professional - avoid AI-generated tone
• User preference: Only create additional .md files when user specifically asks for documentation

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ShellCheck CI/​CD Integration (2025)

ShellCheck: Non-Negotiable in 2025

ShellCheck is now considered mandatory in modern bash workflows (2025 best practices):

Latest Version: v0.11.0 (August 2025)

What's New:

• Full Bash 5.3 support (${| cmd; } and source -p)
• New warnings: SC2327/​SC2328 (capture group issues)
• POSIX.1-2024 compliance: SC3013 removed (-ot/​-nt/​-ef now POSIX standard)
• Enhanced static analysis capabilities
• Improved performance and accuracy

Why Mandatory?

• Catches subtle bugs before production
• Prevents common security vulnerabilities
• Enforces consistent code quality
• Required by most DevOps teams
• Standard in enterprise environments
• Supports latest POSIX.1-2024 standard

Installation

# Ubuntu/​Debian
apt-get install shellcheck

# macOS
brew install shellcheck

# Alpine (Docker)
apk add shellcheck

# Windows (WSL/​Git Bash)
choco install shellcheck

# Or download binary
wget https://github.com/​koalaman/​shellcheck/​releases/​latest/​download/​shellcheck-stable.linux.x86_64.tar.xz
tar -xf shellcheck-stable.linux.x86_64.tar.xz
sudo cp shellcheck-stable/​shellcheck /​usr/​local/​bin/

GitHub Actions Integration

Mandatory Pre-Merge Check

# .github/​workflows/​shellcheck.yml
name: ShellCheck

on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - '**.sh'
      - '**Dockerfile'
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  shellcheck:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/​checkout@v3

    - name: Run ShellCheck
      uses: ludeeus/​action-shellcheck@master
      with:
        severity: warning
        format: gcc  # or: tty, json, checkstyle
        scandir: './​scripts'
        # Fail on any issues
        ignore_paths: 'node_modules'

    # Block merge on failures
    - name: Annotate PR
      if: failure()
      uses: actions/​github-script@v6
      with:
        script: |
          github.rest.issues.createComment({
            issue_number: context.issue.number,
            owner: context.repo.owner,
            repo: context.repo.repo,
            body: '⛔ ShellCheck validation failed. Fix issues before merging.'
          })

Azure DevOps Integration

# azure-pipelines.yml
trigger:
- main

pr:
- main

stages:
- stage: Validate
  jobs:
  - job: ShellCheck
    pool:
      vmImage: 'ubuntu-24.04'

    steps:
    - script: |
        sudo apt-get install -y shellcheck
      displayName: 'Install ShellCheck'

    - script: |
        find . -name "*.sh" -type f | xargs shellcheck --format=gcc --severity=warning
      displayName: 'Run ShellCheck'
      failOnStderr: true

    - task: PublishTestResults@2
      condition: always()
      inputs:
        testResultsFormat: 'JUnit'
        testResultsFiles: '**/​shellcheck-results.xml'
        failTaskOnFailedTests: true

Git Hooks (Pre-Commit)

# .git/​hooks/​pre-commit
#!/​usr/​bin/​env bash
set -o errexit
set -o nounset
set -o pipefail

# Find all staged .sh files
mapfile -t STAGED_SH < <(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACMR | grep '\.sh$' || true)

if [ ${#STAGED_SH[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
  exit 0
fi

echo "Running ShellCheck on staged files..."

# Run ShellCheck
shellcheck --format=gcc --severity=warning "${STAGED_SH[@]}"

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "⛔ ShellCheck failed. Fix issues before committing."
  exit 1
fi

echo "✅ ShellCheck passed"
exit 0

Install Pre-Commit Hook:

chmod +x .git/​hooks/​pre-commit

# Or use pre-commit framework
# .pre-commit-config.yaml
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/​shellcheck-py/​shellcheck-py
  rev: v0.11.0.0
  hooks:
  - id: shellcheck
    args: ['--severity=warning']

# Install
pip install pre-commit
pre-commit install

VS Code Integration

// .vscode/​settings.json
{
  "shellcheck.enable": true,
  "shellcheck.run": "onType",
  "shellcheck.executablePath": "/​usr/​local/​bin/​shellcheck",
  "shellcheck.exclude": ["SC1090", "SC1091"],  // Optional excludes
  "shellcheck.customArgs": [
    "-x",  // Follow source files
    "--severity=warning"
  ]
}

Docker Build Integration

# Dockerfile with ShellCheck validation
FROM alpine:3.19 AS builder

# Install ShellCheck
RUN apk add --no-cache shellcheck bash

# Copy scripts
COPY scripts/ /​scripts/

# Validate all scripts before continuing
RUN find /​scripts -name "*.sh" -type f -exec shellcheck --severity=warning {} +

# Final stage
FROM alpine:3.19
COPY --from=builder /​scripts/ /​scripts/
RUN chmod +x /​scripts/​*.sh

ENTRYPOINT ["/​scripts/​entrypoint.sh"]

Common ShellCheck Rules (2025)

New in v0.11.0: SC2327/​SC2328 - Capture Groups

# ❌ Bad - Capture groups may not work as expected
if [[ "$string" =~ ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+) ]]; then
  echo "$1"  # Wrong: $1 is script arg, not capture group
fi

# ✅ Good - Use BASH_REMATCH array
if [[ "$string" =~ ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+) ]]; then
  echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
fi

SC2294: eval Negates Array Benefits (New)

# ❌ Bad - eval defeats array safety
eval "command ${array[@]}"

# ✅ Good - Direct array usage
command "${array[@]}"

SC2295: Quote Expansions Inside ${}

# ❌ Bad
echo "${var-$default}"  # $default not quoted

# ✅ Good
echo "${var-"$default"}"

SC2086: Quote Variables

# ❌ Bad
file=$1
cat $file  # Fails if filename has spaces

# ✅ Good
file=$1
cat "$file"

SC2046: Quote Command Substitution

# ❌ Bad
for file in $(find . -name "*.txt"); do
  echo $file
done

# ✅ Good
find . -name "*.txt" -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
  echo "$file"
done

SC2155: Separate Declaration and Assignment

# ❌ Bad
local result=$(command)  # Hides command exit code

# ✅ Good
local result
result=$(command)

SC2164: Use cd || exit

# ❌ Bad
cd /​some/​directory
./​script.sh  # Runs in wrong dir if cd fails

# ✅ Good
cd /​some/​directory || exit 1
./​script.sh

Google Shell Style Guide (50-Line Limit)

2025 recommendation: Keep scripts under 50 lines:

# ❌ Bad: 500-line monolithic script
#!/​usr/​bin/​env bash
# ... 500 lines of code ...

# ✅ Good: Modular scripts < 50 lines each

# lib/​logging.sh (20 lines)
log_info() { echo "[INFO] $*"; }
log_error() { echo "[ERROR] $*" >&2; }

# lib/​validation.sh (30 lines)
validate_input() { ... }
check_dependencies() { ... }

# main.sh (40 lines)
source "$(dirname "$0")/​lib/​logging.sh"
source "$(dirname "$0")/​lib/​validation.sh"

main() {
  validate_input "$@"
  check_dependencies
  # ... core logic ...
}

main "$@"

Enforce in CI/​CD

Fail Build on Issues

# Strict enforcement
- name: ShellCheck (Strict)
  run: |
    shellcheck --severity=warning scripts/​*.sh
  # Exit code 1 fails the build

# Advisory only (warnings but don't fail)
- name: ShellCheck (Advisory)
  run: |
    shellcheck --severity=warning scripts/​*.sh || true
  # Logs warnings but doesn't fail

Generate Reports

# JSON format for parsing
shellcheck --format=json scripts/​*.sh > shellcheck-report.json

# GitHub annotations format
shellcheck --format=gcc scripts/​*.sh

# Human-readable
shellcheck --format=tty scripts/​*.sh

Modern Error Handling Trio (2025)

Always use with ShellCheck validation:

#!/​usr/​bin/​env bash

# Modern error handling (non-negotiable in 2025)
set -o errexit   # Exit on command failure
set -o nounset   # Exit on undefined variable
set -o pipefail  # Exit on pipe failure

# ShellCheck approved
main() {
  local config_file="${1:?Config file required}"

  if [[ ! -f "$config_file" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Config file not found: $config_file" >&2
    return 1
  fi

  # Safe command execution
  local result
  result=$(process_config "$config_file")

  echo "$result"
}

main "$@"

Best Practices (2025)

1. Run ShellCheck in CI/​CD (mandatory)
2. Use pre-commit hooks to catch issues early
3. Keep scripts under 50 lines (Google Style Guide)
4. Use modern error handling trio (errexit, nounset, pipefail)
5. Fix all warnings before merging
6. Document any disabled rules with reasoning
7. Integrate with IDE for real-time feedback

Resources

• ShellCheck
• Google Shell Style Guide
• ShellCheck GitHub Action