Managing Environment Configurations

Managing Environment Configurations

Overview

Manage application configurations across development, staging, and production environments using .env files, Kubernetes ConfigMaps/​Secrets, SSM Parameter Store, and cloud-native configuration services. Enforce consistency, prevent configuration drift, and implement safe promotion workflows between environments.

Prerequisites

• Access to all target environments (dev, staging, production)
• Configuration management tool or pattern identified (dotenv, ConfigMaps, SSM, Consul)
• Version control for configuration files (separate repo or encrypted in application repo)
• Encryption tool for sensitive values (sops, age, sealed-secrets, or cloud KMS)
• Understanding of which values differ between environments vs. which are shared

Instructions

1. Audit existing configuration: scan for .env files, config/ directories, Kubernetes ConfigMaps, and hardcoded values in source code
2. Classify each configuration value: public (non-sensitive, varies per env), secret (credentials, API keys), and static (same across all envs)
3. Extract hardcoded values into externalized configuration with a clear naming convention (APP_DATABASE_HOST, APP_REDIS_URL)
4. Create environment-specific configuration files: .env.development, .env.staging, .env.production
5. Encrypt sensitive values using sops with cloud KMS or sealed-secrets for Kubernetes
6. Generate Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets from environment files for cluster-based deployments
7. Set up configuration validation: schema checks to ensure all required variables are present before deployment
8. Implement promotion workflow: changes go to dev first, then promote to staging after testing, then to production with approval
9. Add configuration drift detection: compare running environment against source-of-truth on a schedule

Output

• Environment-specific configuration files (.env.*, config/​*.yaml)
• Kubernetes ConfigMap and Secret manifests per environment
• Configuration schema/​validation script to catch missing variables
• SOPS-encrypted secret files with .sops.yaml rules
• CI/​CD pipeline steps for configuration validation and deployment

Error Handling

Examples

• "Create an environment configuration system using .env files for a Node.js app with SOPS encryption for secrets and validation that all required vars are set."
• "Generate Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets from environment files for dev, staging, and production namespaces."
• "Set up a configuration promotion workflow: edit in dev, validate in CI, promote to staging via PR, deploy to production with approval gate."

Resources

• 12-Factor App config: https://12factor.net/config
• SOPS encryption: https://github.com/getsops/sops
• Kubernetes ConfigMaps: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/configmap/
• Sealed Secrets: https://github.com/bitnami-labs/sealed-secrets
• Consul KV: https://developer.hashicorp.com/consul/docs/dynamic-app-config/kv