multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1-contrastive-logistic

udrearobert999/multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1-contrastive-logistic

multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1-contrastive-logistic is a text classification model from udrearobert999. Use it when you need a label for a piece of text. It is set up for setfit.

This is a SetFit model that can be used for Text Classification. This SetFit model uses sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1 as the Sentence Transformer embedding model. A SetFitHead instance is used for c…

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At a glance

Task: Text Classification
Library: setfit
Model type: mpnet
Access: Public
Created: May 8, 2024
Updated: May 9, 2024
SHA: 3c4dbe9e

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Base models

sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1

Model card

From the Hugging Face model README

SetFit with sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1 on Wiki Labeled Articles

The model has been trained using an efficient few-shot learning technique that involves:

Fine-tuning a Sentence Transformer with contrastive learning.
Training a classification head with features from the fine-tuned Sentence Transformer.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: SetFit
Sentence Transformer body: sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-cos-v1
Classification head: a SetFitHead instance
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Number of Classes: 43 classes

Language: en

Model Sources

Repository: SetFit on GitHub
Paper: Efficient Few-Shot Learning Without Prompts
Blogpost: SetFit: Efficient Few-Shot Learning Without Prompts

Model Labels

Label	Examples
27	<ul><li>'integration into microfluidic systems ie micrototal analytical systems or labonachip structures for instance ncams when incorporated into microfluidic devices can reproducibly perform digital switching allowing transfer of fluid from one microfluidic channel to another selectivity separate and transfer analytes by size and mass mix reactants efficiently and separate fluids with disparate characteristics in addition there is a natural analogy between the fluid handling capabilities of nanofluidic structures and the ability of electronic components to control the flow of electrons and holes this analogy has been used to realize active electronic functions such as rectification and fieldeffect and bipolar transistor action with ionic currents application of nanofluidics is also to nanooptics for producing tuneable microlens arraynanofluidics have had a significant impact in biotechnology medicine and clinical diagnostics with the development of labonachip devices for pcr and related techniques attempts have been made to understand the behaviour of flowfields around nanoparticles in terms of fluid forces as a function of reynolds and knudsen number using computational fluid dynamics the relationship between lift drag and reynolds number has been shown to differ dramatically at the nanoscale compared with macroscale fluid dynamics there are a variety of challenges associated with the flow of liquids through carbon nanotubes and nanopipes a common occurrence is channel blocking due to large macromolecules in the liquid also any insoluble debris in the liquid can easily clog the tube a solution for this researchers are hoping to find is a low friction coating or channel materials that help reduce the blocking of the tubes also large polymers including biologically relevant molecules such as dna often fold in vivo causing blockages typical dna molecules from a virus have lengths of approx 100 – 200 kilobases and will form a random coil of the radius some 700 nm in aqueous solution at 20 this is also several times greater than the pore diameter of even large carbon pipes and two orders of magnitude the diameter of a single walled carbon nanotube nanomechanics nanotechnology microfluidics nanofluidic circuitry'</li><li>'states are governed by the effective energy barrier e a displaystyle ea crystal surfaces have specific bonding sites with larger e a displaystyle ea values that would preferentially be populated by vapor molecules to reduce the overall free energy these stable sites are often found on step edges vacancies and screw dislocations after the most stable sites become filled the adatomadatom vapor molecule interaction becomes important nucleation kinetics can be modeled considering only adsorption and desorption first consider case where there are no mutual adatom interactions no clustering or interaction with step edges the rate of change of adatom surface density n displaystyle n where j displaystyle j is the net flux τ a displaystyle tau a is the mean surface lifetime prior to desorption and σ displaystyle sigma is the sticking coefficient d n d t j σ − n τ a displaystyle dn over dtjsigma n over tau a n j σ τ a 1 − exp − t τ a n j σ τ a exp − t τ a displaystyle njsigma tau aleft1exp leftt over tau arightrightnjsigma tau aleftexp leftt over tau arightright adsorption can also be modeled by different isotherms such as langmuir model and bet model the langmuir model derives an equilibrium constant b displaystyle b based on the adsorption reaction of vapor adatom with vacancy on the substrate surface the bet model expands further and allows adatoms deposition on previously adsorbed adatoms without interaction between adjacent piles of atoms the resulting derived surface coverage is in terms of the equilibrium vapor pressure and applied pressure langmuir model where p a displaystyle pa is the vapor pressure of adsorbed adatoms θ b p a 1 b p a displaystyle theta bpa over 1bpa bet model where p e displaystyle pe is the equilibrium vapor pressure of adsorbed adatoms and p displaystyle p is the applied vapor pressure of adsorbed adatoms θ x p p e − p 1 x − 1 p p e displaystyle theta xp over pepleft1x1p over peright as an important note surface crystallography and differ from the bulk to minimize the overall free electronic and bond energies due to the broken bonds at the surface this can result in a new equilibrium position known as “ selvedge ” where the parallel bulk lattice symmetry is preserved this phenomenon can cause deviations from theoretical calculations of nucleation surface diffusion describes the lateral motion of'</li><li>'in particular the invention of smart and active packaging nano sensors nano pesticides and nano fertilizerslimited nanotechnology labeling and regulation may exacerbate potential human and environmental health and safety issues associated with nanotechnology it has been argued that the development of comprehensive regulation of nanotechnology will be vital to ensure that the potential risks associated with the research and commercial application of nanotechnology do not overshadow its potential benefits regulation may also be required to meet community expectations about responsible development of nanotechnology as well as ensuring that public interests are included in shaping the development of nanotechnologyin 2008 e marla felcher the consumer product safety commission and nanotechnology suggested that the consumer product safety commission which is charged with protecting the public against unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with consumer products is illequipped to oversee the safety of complex hightech products made using nanotechnology failsafes in nanotechnology international center for technology assessment fritz allhoff patrick lin and daniel moore what is nanotechnology and why does it matter from science to ethics oxford wileyblackwell 2010 fritz allhoff and patrick lin eds nanotechnology society current and emerging ethical issues dordrecht springer 2008 fritz allhoff patrick lin james moor and john weckert eds nanoethics the ethical and societal implications of nanotechnology hoboken john wiley sons 2007 alternate link kaldis byron epistemology of nanotechnology sage encyclopedia of nanoscience and society thousand oaks ca sage 2010 approaches to safe nanotechnology an information exchange with niosh united states national institute for occupational safety and health june 2007 dhhs niosh publication no 2007123 mehta michael geoffrey hunt 2006 nanotechnology risk ethics and law london earthscan provides a global overview of the state of nanotechnology and society in europe the us japan and canada and examines the ethics the environmental and public health risks and the governance and regulation of this technology donal p omathuna nanoethics big ethical issues with small technology london new york continuum 2009'</li></ul>
22	<ul><li>'generally form a nontree network with an incorrect topology alternative stream ordering systems have been developed by shreve and hodgkinson et al a statistical comparison of strahler and shreve systems together with an analysis of streamlink lengths is given by smart the strahler numbering may be applied in the statistical analysis of any hierarchical system not just to rivers arenas et al 2004 describe an application of the horton – strahler index in the analysis of social networks ehrenfeucht rozenberg vermeir 1981 applied a variant of strahler numbering starting with zero at the leaves instead of one which they called treerank to the analysis of lsystems strahler numbering has also been applied to biological hierarchies such as the branching structures of trees and of animal respiratory and circulatory systems when translating a highlevel programming language to assembly language the minimum number of registers required to evaluate an expression tree is exactly its strahler number in this context the strahler number may also be called the register numberfor expression trees that require more registers than are available the sethi – ullman algorithm may be used to translate an expression tree into a sequence of machine instructions that uses the registers as efficiently as possible minimizing the number of times intermediate values are spilled from registers to main memory and the total number of instructions in the resulting compiled code associated with the strahler numbers of a tree are bifurcation ratios numbers describing how close to balanced a tree is for each order i in a hierarchy the ith bifurcation ratio is n i n i 1 displaystyle frac nini1 where ni denotes the number of nodes with order i the bifurcation ratio of an overall hierarchy may be taken by averaging the bifurcation ratios at different orders in a complete binary tree the bifurcation ratio will be 2 while other trees will have larger bifurcation ratios it is a dimensionless number the pathwidth of an arbitrary undirected graph g may be defined as the smallest number w such that there exists an interval graph h containing g as a subgraph with the largest clique in h having w 1 vertices for trees viewed as undirected graphs by forgetting their orientation and root the pathwidth differs from the strahler number but is closely related to it in a tree with pathwidth w and strahler number s these two numbers are related by the inequalities w ≤ s ≤ 2w 2the ability to handle graphs with cycles and not just trees gives path'</li><li>'##ied at the specified conditions but also because the amount of cbw at reservoir conditions varies with the salinity of formation water in the “ effective ” pore space humiditydried cores have no water in the “ effective ” pore space and therefore can never truly represent the reservoir cbw condition a further complication can arise in that humidity drying of cores may sometimes leave water of condensation in clayfree microporeslog derivation of effective porosity includes cbw as part of the volume of shale vsh vsh is greater than the volume of vcl not only because it incorporates cbw but also because vsh includes clay size and siltsize quartz and other mineral grains not just pure clay small pores ” contain capillary water which is different from cbw in that it is physically not electrochemically bound to the rock by capillary forces capillary water generally forms part of the effective pore space for both log and core analysis however microporous pore space associated with shales where water is held by capillary forces and hence is not true cbw is usually estimated as part of the vsh by logs and therefore not included as part of the effective porosity the total water associated with shales is more properly termed “ shale water ” which is larger in value than cbw if we humidity dried core samples some of the electrochemically bound cbw would be retained but none of the capillarybound microporous water notwithstanding comments in therefore although the figure infers that a humiditydried core could produce an effective porosity similar to a log analysis effective porosity the effective porosity from the core will usually be higher see “ examples ” section — notwithstanding comments in traditionally true cbw has been directly measured neither on cores nor by logs although nmr measurement holds promiseat a given height above the freewater level the capillary water becomes “ irreducible ” this capillary water forms the irreducible water saturation “ swi ” with respect to effective porosity notwithstanding the inclusion of microporous water as vsh during the log analysis whereas for total porosity the cbw and capillary water combined form the “ swi ” ” large pores ” contain hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon bearing formation above the transition zone only hydrocarbons will flow effective porosity with reference to the figure below can be classified as only the hydrocarbonfilled large pore spaces above the transition zoneanecdotally effective pore space has been equated to displaceable'</li><li>'april 2001 sharan had incidentally noticed substantial condensation on the roof of a cottage at toran beach resort in the arid coastal region of kutch where he was briefly staying the following year he investigated the phenomenon more closely and interviewed local people financed by the gujarat energy development agency and the world bank sharan and his team went on to develop passive radiative condensers for use in the arid coastal region of kutch active commercialisation began in 2006sharan tested a wide range of materials and got good results from galvanised iron and aluminium sheets but found that sheets of the special plastic developed by the opur just 400 micrometres 0016 in thick generally worked even better than the metal sheets and were less expensive the plastic film known as opur foil is hydrophilic and is made from polyethylene mixed with titanium dioxide and barium sulphate there are three principal approaches to the design of the heat sinks that collect the moisture in air wells high mass radiative and active early in the twentieth century there was interest in highmass air wells but despite much experimentation including the construction of massive structures this approach proved to be a failurefrom the late twentieth century onwards there has been much investigation of lowmass radiative collectors these have proved to be much more successful the highmass air well design attempts to cool a large mass of masonry with cool nighttime air entering the structure due to breezes or natural convection in the day the warmth of the sun results in increased atmospheric humidity when moist daytime air enters the air well it condenses on the presumably cool masonry none of the highmass collectors performed well knapens aerial well being a particularly conspicuous example the problem with the highmass collectors was that they could not get rid of sufficient heat during the night – despite design features intended to ensure that this would happen while some thinkers have believed that zibold might have been correct after all an article in journal of arid environments discusses why highmass condenser designs of this type cannot yield useful amounts of water we would like to stress the following point to obtain condensation the condenser temperature of the stones must be lower than the dew point temperature when there is no fog the dew point temperature is always lower than the air temperature meteorological data shows that the dew point temperature an indicator of the water content of the air does not change appreciably when the weather is stable thus wind which ultimately imposes air temperature to the condenser cannot cool the condenser to ensure its functioning another cooling phenomenon — ra'</li></ul>
3	<ul><li>'feminist anthropology is a fourfield approach to anthropology archeological biological cultural linguistic that seeks to transform research findings anthropological hiring practices and the scholarly production of knowledge using insights from feminist theory simultaneously feminist anthropology challenges essentialist feminist theories developed in europe and america while feminists practiced cultural anthropology since its inception see margaret mead and hortense powdermaker it was not until the 1970s that feminist anthropology was formally recognized as a subdiscipline of anthropology since then it has developed its own subsection of the american anthropological association – the association for feminist anthropology – and its own publication feminist anthropology their former journal voices is now defunct feminist anthropology has unfolded through three historical phases beginning in the 1970s the anthropology of women the anthropology of gender and finally feminist anthropologyprior to these historical phases feminist anthropologists trace their genealogy to the late 19th century erminnie platt smith alice cunningham fletcher matilda coxe stevenson frances densmore — many of these women were selftaught anthropologists and their accomplishments faded and heritage erased by the professionalization of the discipline at the turn of the 20th century prominent among early women anthropologists were the wives of professional men anthropologists some of whom facilitated their husbands research as translators and transcriptionists margery wolf for example wrote her classic ethnography the house of lim from experiences she encountered following her husband to northern taiwan during his own fieldworkwhile anthropologists like margaret mead and ruth benedict are representatives of the history of feminist anthropology female anthropologists of color and varying ethnicities also play a role in the theoretical concepts of the field hortense powdermaker for example a contemporary of meads who studied with british anthropological pioneer bronislaw malinowski conducted political research projects in a number of then atypical settings reproduction and women in melanesia powdermaker 1933 race in the american south powdermaker 1939 gender and production in hollywood 1950 and classgenderrace intersectionality in the african copper belt powdermaker 1962 similarly zora neale hurston a student of franz boas the father of american anthropology experimented with narrative forms beyond the objective ethnography that characterized the protopseudoscientific writings of the time other african american women made similar moves at the junctions of ethnography and creativity namely katherine dunham and pearl primus both of whom studied dance in the 1940s also important to the later spread of feminist anthropology within other subfields beyond cultural anthropology was physical anthropologist caroline bond day and archeologist mary leakey the anthropology of women introduced through peggy goldes women in the field and michelle rosaldo and louise lampheres edited volume woman culture and society attempted to'</li><li>'##nagh fosterage childrearing in medieval ireland history ireland 51 1997 28 – 31 parkes peter celtic fosterage adoptive kinship and clientage in northwest europe society for comparative study of society and history 482 2006 359 – 95 pdf available online smith llinos beverley fosterage adoption and godparenthood ritual and fictive kinship in medieval wales welsh history review 161 1992 135 parkes peter alternative social structures and foster relations in the hindu kush milk kinship allegiance in former mountain kingdoms of northern pakistan comparative studies in society and history 434 2001 36 parkes peter fostering fealty a comparative analysis of tributary allegiances of adoptive kinship comparative studies in society and history 45 2003 741 – 82 parkes peter fosterage kinship and legend when milk was thicker than blood comparative studies in society and history 46 2004 587 – 615 parkes peter milk kinship in southeast europe alternative social structures and foster relations in the caucasus and the balkans social anthropology 12 2004 341 – 58 mccutcheon james 2010 historical analysis and contemporary assessment of foster care in texas perceptions of social workers in a private nonprofit foster care agency applied research projects texas state university paper 332 httpecommonstxstateeduarp332 crawford sally childhood in anglosaxon england stroud sutton publishing 1999 especially pp 122 – 38'</li><li>'an anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies social anthropology cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior biological physical forensic and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time respectively anthropologists usually cover a breadth of topics within anthropology in their undergraduate education and then proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at the graduate level in some universities a qualifying exam serves to test both the breadth and depth of a students understanding of anthropology the students who pass are permitted to work on a doctoral dissertation anthropologists typically hold graduate degrees either doctorates or masters degrees not holding an advanced degree is rare in the field some anthropologists hold undergraduate degrees in other fields than anthropology and graduate degrees in anthropology research topics of anthropologists include the discovery of human remains and artifacts as well as the exploration of social and cultural issues such as population growth structural inequality and globalization by making use of a variety of technologies including statistical software and geographic information systems gis anthropological field work requires a faithful representation of observations and a strict adherence to social and ethical responsibilities such as the acquisition of consent transparency in research and methodologies and the right to anonymityhistorically anthropologists primarily worked in academic settings however by 2014 us anthropologists and archaeologists were largely employed in research positions 28 management and consulting 23 and government positions 27 us employment of anthropologists and archaeologists is projected to increase from 7600 to 7900 between 2016 and 2026 a growth rate just under half the national mediananthropologists without doctorates tend to work more in other fields than academia while the majority of those with doctorates are primarily employed in academia many of those without doctorates in academia tend to work exclusively as researchers and do not teach those in researchonly positions are often not considered faculty the median salary for anthropologists in 2015 was 62220 many anthropologists report an above average level of job satisfaction although closely related and often grouped with archaeology anthropologists and archaeologists perform differing roles though archeology is considered a subdiscipline of anthropology while both professions focus on the study of human culture from past to present archaeologists focus specifically on analyzing material remains such as artifacts and architectural remains anthropology encompasses a wider range of professions including the rising fields of forensic anthropology digital anthropology and cyber anthropology the role of an anthropologist differs as well from that of a historian while anthropologists focus their studies'</li></ul>
1	<ul><li>'measurements of aerodynamic forces drag theories were developed by jean le rond dalembert gustav kirchhoff and lord rayleigh in 1889 charles renard a french aeronautical engineer became the first person to reasonably predict the power needed for sustained flight otto lilienthal the first person to become highly successful with glider flights was also the first to propose thin curved airfoils that would produce high lift and low drag building on these developments as well as research carried out in their own wind tunnel the wright brothers flew the first powered airplane on december 17 1903 during the time of the first flights frederick w lanchester martin kutta and nikolai zhukovsky independently created theories that connected circulation of a fluid flow to lift kutta and zhukovsky went on to develop a twodimensional wing theory expanding upon the work of lanchester ludwig prandtl is credited with developing the mathematics behind thinairfoil and liftingline theories as well as work with boundary layers as aircraft speed increased designers began to encounter challenges associated with air compressibility at speeds near the speed of sound the differences in airflow under such conditions lead to problems in aircraft control increased drag due to shock waves and the threat of structural failure due to aeroelastic flutter the ratio of the flow speed to the speed of sound was named the mach number after ernst mach who was one of the first to investigate the properties of the supersonic flow macquorn rankine and pierre henri hugoniot independently developed the theory for flow properties before and after a shock wave while jakob ackeret led the initial work of calculating the lift and drag of supersonic airfoils theodore von karman and hugh latimer dryden introduced the term transonic to describe flow speeds between the critical mach number and mach 1 where drag increases rapidly this rapid increase in drag led aerodynamicists and aviators to disagree on whether supersonic flight was achievable until the sound barrier was broken in 1947 using the bell x1 aircraft by the time the sound barrier was broken aerodynamicists understanding of the subsonic and low supersonic flow had matured the cold war prompted the design of an everevolving line of highperformance aircraft computational fluid dynamics began as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using computer software with windtunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions understanding of supersonic and hypersonic aerodynamics has matured since the 1960s and the goals of aerodynamicists have shifted from the behaviour of fluid flow to the engineering of a vehicle such that it'</li><li>'of lift are based on continuum fluid mechanics assuming that air flows as a continuous fluid lift is generated in accordance with the fundamental principles of physics the most relevant being the following three principles conservation of momentum which is a consequence of newtons laws of motion especially newtons second law which relates the net force on an element of air to its rate of momentum change conservation of mass including the assumption that the airfoils surface is impermeable for the air flowing around and conservation of energy which says that energy is neither created nor destroyedbecause an airfoil affects the flow in a wide area around it the conservation laws of mechanics are embodied in the form of partial differential equations combined with a set of boundary condition requirements which the flow has to satisfy at the airfoil surface and far away from the airfoilto predict lift requires solving the equations for a particular airfoil shape and flow condition which generally requires calculations that are so voluminous that they are practical only on a computer through the methods of computational fluid dynamics cfd determining the net aerodynamic force from a cfd solution requires adding up integrating the forces due to pressure and shear determined by the cfd over every surface element of the airfoil as described under pressure integration the navier – stokes equations ns provide the potentially most accurate theory of lift but in practice capturing the effects of turbulence in the boundary layer on the airfoil surface requires sacrificing some accuracy and requires use of the reynoldsaveraged navier – stokes equations rans simpler but less accurate theories have also been developed these equations represent conservation of mass newtons second law conservation of momentum conservation of energy the newtonian law for the action of viscosity the fourier heat conduction law an equation of state relating density temperature and pressure and formulas for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluidin principle the ns equations combined with boundary conditions of no throughflow and no slip at the airfoil surface could be used to predict lift in any situation in ordinary atmospheric flight with high accuracy however airflows in practical situations always involve turbulence in the boundary layer next to the airfoil surface at least over the aft portion of the airfoil predicting lift by solving the ns equations in their raw form would require the calculations to resolve the details of the turbulence down to the smallest eddy this is not yet possible even on the most powerful computer so in principle the ns equations provide a complete and very accurate theory of lift but practical prediction of lift requires that the effects of turbulence be modeled in the rans equations rather than computed directly these are the ns equations with the turbulence motions averaged'</li><li>'zalpha mufrac mqbfrac malpha b1frac zqmurightalpha 0 this represents a damped simple harmonic motion we should expect z q m u displaystyle frac zqmu to be small compared with unity so the coefficient of α displaystyle alpha the stiffness term will be positive provided m α z α m u m q displaystyle malpha frac zalpha mumq this expression is dominated by m α displaystyle malpha which defines the longitudinal static stability of the aircraft it must be negative for stability the damping term is reduced by the downwash effect and it is difficult to design an aircraft with both rapid natural response and heavy damping usually the response is underdamped but stable phugoid if the stick is held fixed the aircraft will not maintain straight and level flight except in the unlikely case that it happens to be perfectly trimmed for level flight at its current altitude and thrust setting but will start to dive level out and climb again it will repeat this cycle until the pilot intervenes this long period oscillation in speed and height is called the phugoid mode this is analyzed by assuming that the sspo performs its proper function and maintains the angle of attack near its nominal value the two states which are mainly affected are the flight path angle γ displaystyle gamma gamma and speed the small perturbation equations of motion are m u d γ d t − z displaystyle mufrac dgamma dtz which means the centripetal force is equal to the perturbation in lift force for the speed resolving along the trajectory m d u d t x − m g γ displaystyle mfrac dudtxmggamma where g is the acceleration due to gravity at the earths surface the acceleration along the trajectory is equal to the net xwise force minus the component of weight we should not expect significant aerodynamic derivatives to depend on the flight path angle so only x u displaystyle xu and z u displaystyle zu need be considered x u displaystyle xu is the drag increment with increased speed it is negative likewise z u displaystyle zu is the lift increment due to speed increment it is also negative because lift acts in the opposite sense to the zaxis the equations of motion become m u d γ d t − z u u displaystyle mufrac dgamma dtzuu m d u d t x u u − m g γ displaystyle mfrac dudtxuumggamma these may be expressed as a second order equation in'</li></ul>
9	<ul><li>'bacillus subtilis is a rodshaped grampositive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation and is known for its ability to form a small tough protective and metabolically dormant endospore b subtilis can divide symmetrically to make two daughter cells binary fission or asymmetrically producing a single endospore that is resistant to environmental factors such as heat desiccation radiation and chemical insult which can persist in the environment for long periods of time the endospore is formed at times of nutritional stress allowing the organism to persist in the environment until conditions become favourable the process of endospore formation has profound morphological and physiological consequences radical postreplicative remodelling of two progeny cells accompanied eventually by cessation of metabolic activity in one daughter cell the spore and death by lysis of the other the ‘ mother cell ’ although sporulation in b subtilis is induced by starvation the sporulation developmental program is not initiated immediately when growth slows due to nutrient limitation a variety of alternative responses can occur including the activation of flagellar motility to seek new food sources by chemotaxis the production of antibiotics to destroy competing soil microbes the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes to scavenge extracellular proteins and polysaccharides or the induction of ‘ competence ’ for uptake of exogenous dna for consumption with the occasional sideeffect that new genetic information is stably integrated sporulation is the lastditch response to starvation and is suppressed until alternative responses prove inadequate even then certain conditions must be met such as chromosome integrity the state of chromosomal replication and the functioning of the krebs cycle sporulation requires a great deal of time and also a lot of energy and is essentially irreversible making it crucial for a cell to monitor its surroundings efficiently and ensure that sporulation is embarked upon at only the most appropriate times the wrong decision can be catastrophic a vegetative cell will die if the conditions are too harsh while bacteria forming spores in an environment which is conducive to vegetative growth will be out competed in short initiation of sporulation is a very tightly regulated network with numerous checkpoints for efficient control two transcriptional regulators σh and spo0a play key roles in initiation of sporulation several additional proteins participate mainly by controlling the accumulated concentration of spo0ap spo0a lies at the end of a series of interprotein phosphotransfer reactions kin – spo0'</li><li>'##hb nmethyldehydrobutyrine another dehydroamino acid derivative microcystins covalently bond to and inhibit protein phosphatases pp1 and pp2a and can thus cause pansteatitis the adda residue is key to this functionality greatly simplified synthetic analogues consisting of adda and one additional amino acid can show the same inhibiting function the microcystinproducing microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria and thrives in warm water conditions especially in stagnant waters the epa predicted in 2013 that climate change and changing environmental conditions may lead to harmful algae growth and may negatively impact human health algal growth is also encouraged through the process of eutrophication oversupply of nutrients in particular dissolved reactive phosphorus promotes algal growthmicrocystins may have evolved as a way to deal with low iron supply in cyanobacteria the molecule binds iron and nonproducing strains are significantly worse at coping with low iron levels low iron supply upregulates mcyd one of the microcystin synthetic operons sufficient iron supply however can still boost microcystin production by making the bacterium better at photosynthesis therefore producing sufficient atp for mc biosynthesismicrocystin production is also positively correlated with temperature bright light and red light increases transcription of mcyd but blue light reduces it a wide range of other factors such as ph may also affect mc production but comparison is complicated due to a lack of standard testing conditions there are several ways of exposure to these hepatotoxins that humans can encounter one of which is through recreational activities like swimming surfing fishing and other activities involving direct contact with contaminated water another rare yet extremely toxic route of exposure that has been identified by scientists is through hemodialysis surgeries one of the fatal cases for microcystic intoxication through hemodialysis was studied in brazil where 48 of patients that received the surgery in a specific period of time died because the water used in the procedure was found to be contaminatedmicrocystins are chemically stable over a wide range of temperature and ph possibly as a result of their cyclic structuremicrocystinlr water contamination is resistant to boiling and microwave treatments microcystinproducing bacteria algal blooms can overwhelm the filter capacities of water treatment plants some evidence shows the toxin can be transported by irrigation into the food chain in 2011 a record outbreak of blooming microcystis occurred in lake erie in part'</li><li>'of another microorganism the term was used again to describe tissue extracts that stimulated microbial growth the term probiotics was taken up by parker who defined the concept as organisms and substances that have a beneficial effect on the host animal by contributing to its intestinal microbial balance later the definition was greatly improved by fuller whose explanation was very close to the definition used today fuller described probiotics as a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance he stressed two important claims for probiotics the viable nature of probiotics and the capacity to help with intestinal balance in the following decades intestinal lacticacid bacterial species with alleged healthbeneficial properties were introduced as probiotics including lactobacillus rhamnosus lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus johnsonii some literature gives the word a full greek etymology but it appears to be a composite of the latin preposition pro meaning for and the greek adjective βιωτικος biotikos meaning fit for life lively the latter deriving from the noun βιος bios meaning life the term contrasts etymologically with the term antibiotic although it is not a complete antonym the related term prebiotic comes from the latin prae meaning before and refers to a substance that is not digested but rather may be fermented to promote the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms as food products or dietary supplements probiotics are under preliminary research to evaluate if they provide any effect on health in all cases proposed as health claims to the european food safety authority the scientific evidence remains insufficient to prove a causeandeffect relationship between consumption of probiotic products and any health benefit there is no scientific basis for extrapolating an effect from a tested strain to an untested strain improved health through gut flora modulation appears to be directly related to longterm dietary changes claims that some lactobacilli may contribute to weight gain in some humans remain controversial there is inconsistency in the results of different groups of 3488 children as reported in a cochrane review also it shows no significant difference regarding the adverse effects between probiotic and the other comparators only limited lowquality evidence exists to indicate that probiotics are helpful for treating people with milk allergy a 2015 review showed lowquality evidence that probiotics given directly to infants with eczema or in infants whose mothers used probiotics during the last trimester of pregnancy and breast'</li></ul>
13	<ul><li>'##ssolving those roles into equal participants in a conversation this also excludes gaming or vr environments in which the usually isolated participant is the director of the action which his actions drive while tv studio audiences may feel that they are at a public live performance these performances are often edited and remixed for the benefit of their intended primary audience the home audiences which are viewing the mass broadcast in private broadcasts of great performances by pbs and other theatrical events broadcast into private homes give the tv viewers the sense that they are secondary viewers of a primary live event in addition archival or realtime webcasts which do not generate feedback influencing the live performances are not within the range of digital theatre in each case a visible interface such as tv or monitor screen like a camera frames and interprets the original event for the viewers an example of this is the case of internet chat which becomes the main text of be read or physically interpreted by performers on stage online input including content and directions can also have an effect of influencing live performance beyond the ability of live copresent audiences eg happenings such as the stunning visual media dance concerts like ghostcatching by merce cunningham and riverbed accessible online via the revampedmigrated digital performance archive 1 and merce cunningham dance cf isabel c valverde catching ghosts in ghostcatching choreographing gender and race in riverbedbill t jones virtual dance accessible in a pdf version from extensions the online journal of embodied teaching such as telematic dreaming by paul sermon in which distant participants shared a bed through mixing projected video streams see telematic dreaming statement mark reaney head of the virtual reality theatre lab at the university of kansas investigates the use of virtual reality and related technologies in theatre vr theatre is one form or subset of digital theatre focusing on utilizing virtual reality immersion in mutual concession with traditional theatre practices actors directors plays a theatre environment the group uses image projection and stereoscopic sets as their primary area of digital investigation another example of digital theatre is computer theatre as defined by claudio s pinhanez in his work computer theatre in which he also gives the definition of hyperactor as an actor whose expressive capabilities are extended through the use of technologies computer theatre in my view is about providing means to enhance the artistic possibilities and experiences of professional and amateur actors or of audiences clearly engaged in a representational role in a performance computer theater cambridge perceptual computing group mit media laboratory 1996 forthcoming in a revised ed pinhanez also sees this technology being explored more through dance than theatre his writing and his productions of iit suggest that computer theatre is digital theatre on'</li><li>'creative researchers to learn how to create garments which are completely free from the material world and how to fit them digitally to a client – whether they are a model for a virtual catwalk a social media influencer looking to boost their reach a gaming avatar in need of a fashion edge or a movie character being given a bespoke costumewhile there are not yet dedicated scientific journals devoted to the topic several research activities have been done in the field among them a dedicated conference has taken place in 2015 in seoul south korea scoms studies in communication sciences a swissbased communication journal has published a special thematic section on fashion communication between tradition and digital transformation in july 2019 a conference titled factum19 fashion communication between tradition and future digital developments has taken place in ascona switzerland whose proceedings are published by springer during factum19 a document titled fashion communication research a way ahead has been publishedfashion is closely related with art and heritage several museums related to fashion have started to make their appearance in the past thirty years examples are the museum christian dior granville the museum cristobal balenciaga the armani silosthe museum audemars piguet among the most important initiatives to digitize fashion history thus making such heritage available to researchers practitioners and all interested people two projects can be mentioned europeana fashion and we wear culture by google arts and culture since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic the fashion industry has suffered strong economic losses as sales plummeted and jobs were lost but it has since learned to digitally recover through virtual clothing catwalks and showroomsamidst the covid19 pandemic fashion is among the industries that have been forced to adapt their commercial and creative strategies to better suit the social distancing measures therefore the digital channel has since seen a rise in use offering live shopping and has been highlighted as the only way to overcome physical barriers it is also believed that these changes will prevail in years to come as reported by wgsnfashion brands and wellknown personalities in the industry spread welfare messages on social media and brands such as louis vuitton balenciaga gucci and prada began massproducing face masks and hospital gowns in order to help with the shortage of the coveted sanitary product moreover brands stepped up and launched initiatives to aid in the battle of covid19s impact on economy ralph lauren donated 10 million to help fight coronavirus and initiated the transport of free coffee and baked goods to new york hospitals to thank healthcare workers for their serviceonce events only attended by selected people catwalks'</li><li>'they are online and thus easily updatable being openly licensed and online can be helpful to teachers because it allows the textbook to be modified according to the teachers unique curriculum there are multiple organizations promoting the creation of openly licensed textbooks some of these organizations and projects include the university of minnesotas open textbook library connexions openstax college the saylor academy open textbook challenge and wikibooks according to the current definition of open content on the opencontent website any general royaltyfree copyright license would qualify as an open license because it provides users with the right to make more kinds of uses than those normally permitted under the law these permissions are granted to users free of chargehowever the narrower definition used in the open definition effectively limits open content to libre content any free content license defined by the definition of free cultural works would qualify as an open content license according to this narrower criteria the following stillmaintained licenses qualify creative commons licenses only creative commons attribution attributionshare alike and zero open publication license the original license of the open content project the open content license did not permit forprofit copying of the licensed work and therefore does not qualify against drm license gnu free documentation license without invariant sections open game license designed for roleplaying games by wizards of the coast free art license digital rights open source free education free software movement freedom of information information wants to be free open publishing opensource hardware project gutenberg knowledge for free – the emergence of open educational resources 2007 isbn 926403174x d atkins j s brown a l hammond february 2007 a review of the open educational resources oer movement achievements challenges and new opportunities pdf report to the william and flora hewlett foundation organisation for economic cooperation and development oecd giving know archived 7 july 2017 at the wayback machine'</li></ul>
17	<ul><li>'timeline of glaciation – chronology of the major ice ages of the earth cryogenian period geowhen database archived from the original on december 2 2005 retrieved january 5 2006 james g ogg 2004 status on divisions of the international geologic time scale lethaia 37 2 183 – 199 doi10108000241160410006492 brain c k prave a r hoffmann k h fallick a e herd d a sturrock c young i condon d j allison s g 2012 the first animals ca 760millionyearold spongelike fossils from namibia pdf south african journal of science 108 1 – 8 doi104102sajsv108i12658 hoffman paul f abbot dorian s et al november 8 2017 snowball earth climate dynamics and cryogenian geologygeobiology science advances american association for the advancement of science 3 11 e1600983 bibcode2017scia3e0983h doi101126sciadv1600983 pmc 5677351 pmid 29134193 s2cid 1465316'</li><li>'term ie the ocean – averaged value of s displaystyle s ⊗ i displaystyle otimes i and ⊗ o displaystyle otimes o denote spatiotemporal convolutions over the ice and oceancovered regions and the overbar indicates an average over the surface of the oceans that ensures mass conservation holocene glacial retreat – global deglaciation starting about 19000 years ago and accelerating about 15000 years ago raised beach also known as marine terrace – emergent coastal landform physical impacts of climate change stress mechanics – physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material isostatic depression the opposite of isostatic rebound as alaska glaciers melt it ’ s land that ’ s rising may 17 2009 new york times'</li><li>'##frost covered europe south of the ice sheet down to as far south as presentday szeged in southern hungary ice covered the whole of iceland in addition ice covered ireland and almost all of wales with the southern boundary of the ice sheet running approximately from the current location of cardiff northnortheast to middlesbrough and then across the now submerged land of doggerland to denmarkin the cantabrian mountains of the northwestern corner of the iberian peninsula which in the present day have no permanent glaciers the lgm led to a local glacial recession as a result of increased aridity caused by the growth of other ice sheets farther to the east and north which drastically limited annual snowfall over the mountains of northwestern spain the cantabrian alpine glaciers had previously expanded between approximately 60000 and 40000 years ago during a local glacial maximum in the regionin northeastern italy in the region around lake fimon artemisiadominated semideserts steppes and meadowsteppes replaced open boreal forests at the start of the lgm specifically during heinrich stadial 3 the overall climate of the region became both drier and colderin the sar mountains the glacial equilibriumline altitude was about 450 metres lower than in the holocene in greece steppe vegetation predominatedmegafaunal abundance in europe peaked around 27000 and 21000 bp this bountifulness was attributable to the cold stadial climate in greenland the difference between lgm temperatures and present temperatures was twice as great during winter as during summer greenhouse gas and insolation forcings dominated temperature changes in northern greenland whereas atlantic meridional overturning circulation amoc variability was the dominant influence on southern greenlands climate illorsuit island was exclusively covered by coldbased glaciersfollowing a preceding period of relative retreat from 52000 to 40000 years ago the laurentide ice sheet grew rapidly at the onset of the lgm until it covered essentially all of canada east of the rocky mountains and extended roughly to the missouri and ohio rivers and eastward to manhattan reaching a total maximum volume of around 265 to 37 million cubic kilometres at its peak the laurentide ice sheet reached 32 km in height around keewatin dome and about 1721 km along the plains divide in addition to the large cordilleran ice sheet in canada and montana alpine glaciers advanced and in some locations ice caps covered much of the rocky and sierra nevada mountains further south latitudinal gradients were so sharp that permafrost did not reach far south of the ice sheets except at high elevations glaciers forced the early human populations who'</li></ul>
31	<ul><li>'zyxland xz proper parts principle if all the proper parts of x are proper parts of y then x is included in y wp3g7 [UNK] z z x → z y → x ≤ y displaystyle forall zzxrightarrow zyrightarrow xleq y a model of g1 – g7 is an inclusion space definition gerla and miranda 2008 def 41 given some inclusion space s an abstractive class is a class g of regions such that sg is totally ordered by inclusion moreover there does not exist a region included in all of the regions included in g intuitively an abstractive class defines a geometrical entity whose dimensionality is less than that of the inclusion space for example if the inclusion space is the euclidean plane then the corresponding abstractive classes are points and lines inclusionbased pointfree geometry henceforth pointfree geometry is essentially an axiomatization of simonss 1987 83 system w in turn w formalizes a theory in whitehead 1919 whose axioms are not made explicit pointfree geometry is w with this defect repaired simons 1987 did not repair this defect instead proposing in a footnote that the reader do so as an exercise the primitive relation of w is proper part a strict partial order the theory of whitehead 1919 has a single primitive binary relation k defined as xky ↔ y x hence k is the converse of proper part simonss wp1 asserts that proper part is irreflexive and so corresponds to g1 g3 establishes that inclusion unlike proper part is antisymmetric pointfree geometry is closely related to a dense linear order d whose axioms are g13 g5 and the totality axiom x ≤ y ∨ y ≤ x displaystyle xleq ylor yleq x hence inclusionbased pointfree geometry would be a proper extension of d namely d ∪ g4 g6 g7 were it not that the d relation ≤ is a total order a different approach was proposed in whitehead 1929 one inspired by de laguna 1922 whitehead took as primitive the topological notion of contact between two regions resulting in a primitive connection relation between events connection theory c is a firstorder theory that distills the first 12 of the 31 assumptions in chapter 2 of part 4 of process and reality into 6 axioms c1c6 c is a proper fragment of the theories proposed in clarke 1981 who noted their mereological character theories that like c feature both inclusion and topological primitives are called mereotopologies c has one primitive relation binary connection denoted by the prefixed predicate letter c that'</li><li>'they report no awareness and suitable experimental manipulations can lead to increasing priming effects despite decreasing prime identification double dissociationverbal report is widely considered to be the most reliable indicator of consciousness but it raises a number of issues for one thing if verbal reports are treated as observations akin to observations in other branches of science then the possibility arises that they may contain errors — but it is difficult to make sense of the idea that subjects could be wrong about their own experiences and even more difficult to see how such an error could be detected daniel dennett has argued for an approach he calls heterophenomenology which means treating verbal reports as stories that may or may not be true but his ideas about how to do this have not been widely adopted another issue with verbal report as a criterion is that it restricts the field of study to humans who have language this approach cannot be used to study consciousness in other species prelinguistic children or people with types of brain damage that impair language as a third issue philosophers who dispute the validity of the turing test may feel that it is possible at least in principle for verbal report to be dissociated from consciousness entirely a philosophical zombie may give detailed verbal reports of awareness in the absence of any genuine awarenessalthough verbal report is in practice the gold standard for ascribing consciousness it is not the only possible criterion in medicine consciousness is assessed as a combination of verbal behavior arousal brain activity and purposeful movement the last three of these can be used as indicators of consciousness when verbal behavior is absent the scientific literature regarding the neural bases of arousal and purposeful movement is very extensive their reliability as indicators of consciousness is disputed however due to numerous studies showing that alert human subjects can be induced to behave purposefully in a variety of ways in spite of reporting a complete lack of awareness studies of the neuroscience of free will have also shown that the experiences that people report when they behave purposefully sometimes do not correspond to their actual behaviors or to the patterns of electrical activity recorded from their brainsanother approach applies specifically to the study of selfawareness that is the ability to distinguish oneself from others in the 1970s gordon gallup developed an operational test for selfawareness known as the mirror test the test examines whether animals are able to differentiate between seeing themselves in a mirror versus seeing other animals the classic example involves placing a spot of coloring on the skin or fur near the individuals forehead and seeing if they attempt to remove it or at least touch the spot thus indicating that they recognize that the individual they are seeing in the mirror is themselves'</li><li>'neti neti sanskrit नति नति is a sanskrit expression which means not this not that or neither this nor that neti is sandhi from na iti not so it is found in the upanishads and the avadhuta gita and constitutes an analytical meditation helping a person to understand the nature of the brahman by negating everything that is not brahman one of the key elements of jnana yoga practice is often a neti neti search the purpose of the exercise is to negate all objects of consciousness including thoughts and the mind and to realize the nondual awareness of reality neti neti meaning not this not this is the method of vedic analysis of negation it is a keynote of vedic inquiry with its aid the jnani negates identification with all things of this world which is not the atman in this way he negates the anatman notself through this gradual process he negates the mind and transcends all worldly experiences that are negated till nothing remains but the self he attains union with the absolute by denying the body name form intellect senses and all limiting adjuncts and discovers what remains the true i alone lcbeckett in his book neti neti explains that this expression is an expression of something inexpressible it expresses the ‘ suchness ’ the essence of that which it refers to when ‘ no other definition applies to it ’ neti neti negates all descriptions about the ultimate reality but not the reality itself intuitive interpretation of uncertainty principle can be expressed by neti neti that annihilates ego and the world as nonself anatman it annihilates our sense of self altogetheradi shankara was one of the foremost advaita philosophers who advocated the netineti approach in his commentary on gaudapada ’ s karika he explains that brahman is free from adjuncts and the function of neti neti is to remove the obstructions produced by ignorance his disciple sureshvara further explains that the negation neti neti does not have negation as its purpose it purports identity the sage of the brihadaranyaka upanishad ii iii 16 beginning with there are two forms of brahman the material and the immaterial the solid and the fluid the sat ‘ being ’ and tya ‘ that ’ of satya – which means true denies the existence of everything other than brahman and therefore there exists no separate entity like jiva which shankara states is'</li></ul>
37	<ul><li>'the queen has been insulted have contents we can capture using that clauses the content externalist often appeal to observations found as early as hilary putnams seminal essay the meaning of meaning 1975 putnam stated that we can easily imagine pairs of individuals that are microphysical duplicates embedded in different surroundings who use the same words but mean different things when using them for example suppose that ike and tinas mothers are identical twins and that ike and tina are raised in isolation from one another in indistinguishable environments when ike says i want my mommy he expresses a want satisfied only if he is brought to his mommy if we brought tinas mommy ike might not notice the difference but he doesnt get what he wants it seems that what he wants and what he says when he says i want my mommy will be different from what tina wants and what she says she wants when she says i want my mommy externalists say that if we assume competent speakers know what they think and say what they think the difference in what these two speakers mean corresponds to a difference in the thoughts of the two speakers that is not necessarily reflected by a difference in the internal make up of the speakers or thinkers they urge us to move from externalism about meaning of the sort putnam defended to externalism about contentful states of mind the example pertains to singular terms but has been extended to cover kind terms as well such as natural kinds eg water and for kinds of artifacts eg espresso maker there is no general agreement amongst content externalists as to the scope of the thesis philosophers now tend to distinguish between wide content externalist mental content and narrow content antiexternalist mental content some then align themselves as endorsing one view of content exclusively or both for example jerry fodor 1980 argues for narrow content although he comes to reject that view in his 1995 while david chalmers 2002 argues for a two dimensional semantics according to which the contents of mental states can have both wide and narrow content critics of the view have questioned the original thought experiments saying that the lessons that putnam and later writers such as tyler burge 1979 1982 have urged us to draw can be resisted frank jackson and john searle for example have defended internalist accounts of thought content according to which the contents of our thoughts are fixed by descriptions that pick out the individuals and kinds that our thoughts intuitively pertain to the sorts of things that we take them to in the iketina example one might agree that ikes thoughts pertain to ikes mother and that tinas thoughts pertain to tinas but insist that this is because ike thinks'</li><li>'normal linguistic analysis begin to make some sense when junctural metanalysis at some stage in the transmission is assumed eg the formula eche nedumos hypnos sweet sleep held him appears to be a resegmentation of echen edumos hypnos steve reece has discovered several dozen similar instances of metanalysis in homer thereby shedding new light on their etymologiesjuncture loss is common in later greek as well especially in place names or in borrowings of greek names in italian and turkish where particles εις στην στον σε are fused with the original name in the cretan dialect the se prefix was also found in common nouns such as secambo or tsecambo se cambo a plainexamples prefix stan στην at to istanbul or stamboul and stimpoli crete from στην πολη stimˈboli in the city or to the city istankoy stanco for the island of kos standia for the island of dia prefix s σε at satines for athines athens etc samsun samison from se and amisos sdille for delos susam for samos samastro for amasra greek amastris sitia stamiro stalimure prefix is εις at to izmit from media with earlier iznikmit from nicomedia izmir from smyrna iznik from nicaea iz nikea other navarino for earlier avarino'</li><li>'possible use of would or could in the condition clause as well see § use of will and would in condition clauses below the conditional construction of the main clause is usually the simple conditional sometimes the conditional progressive eg would be waiting is used occasionally with a first person subject the auxiliary would is replaced by should similarly to the way will is replaced by shall also would may be replaced by another appropriate modal could should might when referring to hypothetical future circumstance there may be little difference in meaning between the first and second conditional factual vs counterfactual realis vs irrealis the following two sentences have similar meaning although the second with the second conditional implies less likelihood that the condition will be fulfilled if you leave now you will still catch your train if you left now you would still catch your trainnotice that in indirect speech reported in the past tense the first conditional naturally changes to the second shell kill me if she finds out he said i would kill him if i found out third conditional or conditional iii is a pattern used to refer to hypothetical situations in a past time frame generally counterfactual or at least presented as counterfactual here the condition clause is in the past perfect and the consequence is expressed using the conditional perfect if you had called me i would have come would he have succeeded if i had helped himit is possible for the usual auxiliary construction to be replaced with were to have past participle that used the above examples can be written as such if you were to have called me i would have come would he have succeeded if i were to have helped himthe condition clause can undergo inversion with omission of the conjunction had you called me i would have come were you to have called me i would have come would he have succeeded had i helped him would he have succeeded were i to have helped himanother possible pattern similar to that mentioned under the second conditional is if it hadnt been for inverted form had it not been for which means something like in the absence of with past reference for clauses with if only see uses of english verb forms § expressions of wish for the possible use of would in the condition clause see § use of will and would in condition clauses occasionally with a first person subject would is replaced with should in the main clause the auxiliary would can be replaced by could or might as described for the second conditional if only one of the two clauses has past reference a mixed conditional pattern see below is used mixed conditional usually refers to a mixture of the second and third conditionals the counterfactual patterns here either the condition or the consequence but not both has'</li></ul>

The model card is truncated. Read the rest on Hugging Face.

Task: Text Classification
Library: setfit
Type: mpnet
Languages: en
Created: May 8, 2024
Updated: May 9, 2024