TinyBERT_L-4_H-312_v2-distilled-from-stsb-roberta-base-v2-L2-normalized

SentenceTransformer based on nreimers/TinyBERT_L-4_H-312_v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from nreimers/TinyBERT_L-4_H-312_v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 312-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: nreimers/TinyBERT_L-4_H-312_v2 <!-- at revision d782507ee95c6565fe5924fcd6090999055e8db6 -->
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 312 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> <!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> <!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 312, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("tomaarsen/TinyBERT_L-4_H-312_v2-distilled-from-stsb-roberta-base-v2-L2-normalized")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'A black dog is drinking next to a brown and white dog that is looking at an orange ball in the lake, whilst a horse and rider passes behind.',
    'Some men with jerseys are in a bar, watching a soccer match.',
    'There are two people running around a track in lane three and the one wearing a blue shirt with a green thing over the eyes is just barely ahead of the guy wearing an orange shirt and sunglasses.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 312]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[ 1.0000, -0.0448,  0.0490],
#         [-0.0448,  1.0000,  0.3433],
#         [ 0.0490,  0.3433,  1.0000]])

<!-- ### Direct Usage (Transformers) <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) You can finetune this model on your own dataset. <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Out-of-Scope Use *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* -->

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

• Datasets: sts-dev and sts-test
• Evaluated with <code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>

Knowledge Distillation

• Evaluated with <code>MSEEvaluator</code>

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Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 200,000 training samples
• Columns: <code>sentence</code> and <code>label</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence	label
  type	string	list
  details	<ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.24 tokens</li><li>max: 52 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>size: 312 elements</li></ul>

• Samples:

  sentence	label
  <code>A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.</code>	<code>[0.005435045808553696, 0.042343951761722565, -0.1521506905555725, 0.10078108310699463, 0.06585284322500229, ...]</code>
  <code>Children smiling and waving at camera</code>	<code>[-0.14921779930591583, 0.17264199256896973, 0.3912944793701172, 0.2817707657814026, -0.1517026573419571, ...]</code>
  <code>A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.</code>	<code>[0.1835351139307022, 0.17705069482326508, 0.07568985968828201, 0.37269654870033264, -0.04005592316389084, ...]</code>

• Loss: <code>MSELoss</code>

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 10,000 evaluation samples
• Columns: <code>sentence</code> and <code>label</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence	label
  type	string	list
  details	<ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.23 tokens</li><li>max: 57 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>size: 312 elements</li></ul>

• Samples:

  sentence	label
  <code>Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.</code>	<code>[-0.3905734717845917, -0.12415792047977448, 0.13489434123039246, -0.13027705252170563, 0.09115917980670929, ...]</code>
  <code>Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink.</code>	<code>[-0.11542800068855286, 0.039172928780317307, 0.16285762190818787, 0.2441333532333374, -0.1625598669052124, ...]</code>
  <code>A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles</code>	<code>[0.20657853782176971, 0.18892505764961243, -0.011273683980107307, -0.15149112045764923, 0.18431058526039124, ...]</code>

• Loss: <code>MSELoss</code>

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• learning_rate: 0.0001
• num_train_epochs: 1
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• fp16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 0.0001
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• hub_revision: None
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• liger_kernel_config: None
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
• router_mapping: {}
• learning_rate_mapping: {}

</details>

Training Logs

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Environmental Impact

Carbon emissions were measured using CodeCarbon.

• Energy Consumed: 0.011 kWh
• Carbon Emitted: 0.003 kg of CO2
• Hours Used: 0.06 hours

Training Hardware

• On Cloud: No
• GPU Model: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090
• CPU Model: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K
• RAM Size: 31.78 GB

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.6
• Sentence Transformers: 5.2.0.dev0
• Transformers: 4.53.3
• PyTorch: 2.8.0+cu128
• Accelerate: 1.6.0
• Datasets: 4.2.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.4

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MSELoss

@inproceedings{reimers-2020-multilingual-sentence-bert,
    title = "Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillation",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2020",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09813",
}

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