dysgraphia

Import necessary modules

import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras import numpy as np !pip install gradio import gradio as gr from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model from tensorflow.keras.utils import custom_object_scope

Import preprocessing layers directly from tensorflow.keras

from tensorflow.keras import layers

class RGBToGrayscaleLayer(keras.layers.Layer): def init(self, **kwargs): super().init(**kwargs)

def call(self, inputs):
    return tf.image.rgb_to_grayscale(inputs)

class GrayscaleToRGBLayer(keras.layers.Layer): def init(self, **kwargs): super().init(**kwargs)

def call(self, inputs):
    # Ensure input has a channel dimension
    if inputs.shape.rank == 3:  # Shape: (None, 224, 224)
        inputs = tf.expand_dims(inputs, axis=-1)  # Shape: (None, 224, 224, 1)
    return tf.image.grayscale_to_rgb(inputs)

def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
    return input_shape[:-1] + (3,)  # Output has 3 channels

Define ImageEnhancementLayer

class ImageEnhancementLayer(keras.layers.Layer): def init(self, **kwargs): super().init(**kwargs)

def call(self, inputs):
    if tf.executing_eagerly():
        # PIL-based enhancements (for debugging and visualization)
        img = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.array_to_img(inputs[0])  # Access first image in batch
        brightness_factor = 1 + (34 / 100)
        x_enhanced = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img).enhance(brightness_factor)
        contrast_factor = 1 + (30 / 100)
        x_enhanced = ImageEnhance.Contrast(x_enhanced).enhance(contrast_factor)
        sharpness_factor = 1 + (70 / 100)
        x_enhanced = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(x_enhanced).enhance(sharpness_factor)
        x_enhanced = x_enhanced.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(size=1))

        # Convert back to tensor
        x_enhanced = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.img_to_array(x_enhanced)
        x_enhanced = tf.expand_dims(x_enhanced, 0)  # Restore batch dimension
        x_enhanced = tf.cast(x_enhanced, inputs.dtype)
    else:
        # Placeholder for TensorFlow-based enhancements during training
        x_enhanced = inputs
    return x_enhanced

Define StrokeWidthLayer

class StrokeWidthLayer(keras.layers.Layer): def init(self, **kwargs): super().init(**kwargs)

def call(self, inputs):
    # Placeholder for stroke width computation logic
    return inputs

class RobertsLayer(layers.Layer): def call(self, inputs): # Convert inputs to float32 inputs_float32 = tf.cast(inputs, tf.float32)

    # Check the number of channels
    num_channels = inputs.shape[-1]

    # Define Roberts Cross kernels
    kernel_x = tf.constant([[1, 0], [0, -1]], dtype=tf.float32)
    kernel_y = tf.constant([[0, 1], [-1, 0]], dtype=tf.float32)

    # Reshape kernels to match the number of input channels
    kernel_x = tf.reshape(kernel_x, [2, 2, 1, 1])
    kernel_y = tf.reshape(kernel_y, [2, 2, 1, 1])

    # Apply convolution using Roberts Cross kernels for each channel
    grad_x = [tf.nn.conv2d(inputs_float32[..., i:i+1], kernel_x, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') for i in range(num_channels)]
    grad_y = [tf.nn.conv2d(inputs_float32[..., i:i+1], kernel_y, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') for i in range(num_channels)]

    # Concatenate the gradients along the channel dimension (if more than one channel)
    grad_x = tf.concat(grad_x, axis=-1)
    grad_y = tf.concat(grad_y, axis=-1)

    # Compute the gradient magnitude
    grad_magnitude = tf.sqrt(tf.square(grad_x) + tf.square(grad_y))

    # Normalize the gradient magnitudes
    grad_magnitude /= tf.reduce_max(grad_magnitude)

    # Return the result with the same number of channels as input
    return grad_magnitude

def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
    return input_shape

class MorphologicalLayer(layers.Layer): def init(self, kernel_size=(2, 2), **kwargs): super(MorphologicalLayer, self).init(**kwargs) self.kernel_size = kernel_size

def call(self, inputs):
    # Ensure inputs have the shape (batch_size, height, width, 1) for grayscale
    if inputs.shape[-1] != 1:
        raise ValueError("Input must be a grayscale image with a single channel.")

    # Define the kernel for dilation and erosion
    kernel = tf.ones(tuple(self.kernel_size) + (1,), dtype=tf.float32)

    # Perform dilation
    dilated_image = tf.image.extract_patches(
        images=inputs,
        sizes=[1, self.kernel_size[0], self.kernel_size[1], 1],
        strides=[1, 1, 1, 1],
        rates=[1, 1, 1, 1],
        padding='SAME'
    )
    dilated_image = tf.reduce_max(dilated_image, axis=-1, keepdims=True)

    # Perform erosion
    eroded_image = tf.image.extract_patches(
        images=dilated_image,
        sizes=[1, self.kernel_size[0], self.kernel_size[1], 1],
        strides=[1, 1, 1, 1],
        rates=[1, 1, 1, 1],
        padding='SAME'
    )
    eroded_image = tf.reduce_min(eroded_image, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
    return eroded_image

def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
    return input_shape  # Ensure output shape matches input shape

class SqueezeLayer(layers.Layer): def init(self, axis=-1, **kwargs): super(SqueezeLayer, self).init(**kwargs) self.axis = axis

def call(self, inputs):
    squeezed = tf.squeeze(inputs, axis=self.axis)  # Remove extra dimensions

    # If squeezed shape has 3 dimensions and we have grayscale images, restore the channel dimension
    if len(squeezed.shape) == 3:  # (batch, height, width) for grayscale image
        restored = tf.expand_dims(squeezed, axis=-1)  # (batch_size, 224, 224, 1)
    else:
        restored = squeezed  # No expansion needed, already 4D

    return restored

Load the model with custom layers

with keras.utils.custom_object_scope({ 'RGBToGrayscaleLayer': RGBToGrayscaleLayer, 'RobertsLayer': RobertsLayer, 'StrokeWidthLayer': StrokeWidthLayer, 'SqueezeLayer': SqueezeLayer, 'MorphologicalLayer': MorphologicalLayer, 'GrayscaleToRGBLayer': GrayscaleToRGBLayer }): final_model = load_model("/content/drive/Shared drives/CS FILES/Model/vgg16_roberts_model.h5")

Recompile the model (even if you're not training)

model.compile(optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=1e-3),

loss="categorical_crossentropy",

metrics=["accuracy", "precision"])

class_labels = ["Low Potential Dysgraphia", "Potential Dysgraphia"]

Diagnostic messages for each class

diagnostic_messages = { "Low Potential Dysgraphia": "It suggests a minimal impairment in writing; however, observing difficulty in hand grip and positioning may still be beneficial.", "Potential Dysgraphia": "It is highly recommended to consult a specialist for further evaluation and support." }

Define image size (must match the model input size)

image_size = (224, 224)

def preprocess_image(img): img = img.resize(image_size) img_array = np.array(img)

# Handle RGBA images (if the image has an alpha channel)
if img_array.shape[-1] == 4:
    img_array = img_array[..., :3]

img_array = np.expand_dims(img_array, 0) / 255.0
return img_array

def predict_image(img): img_array = preprocess_image(img) predictions = final_model.predict(img_array) # Use final_model for prediction predicted_class_index = np.argmax(predictions[0])

# Optionally print predictions for debugging
print(f"Prediction probabilities: {predictions[0]}")

class_label = class_labels[predicted_class_index]
diagnostic_prompt = diagnostic_messages[class_label]
return f"This handwriting is \"{class_label}\".\n\n{diagnostic_prompt}"

Create Gradio interface

def gradio_interface(image): prediction = predict_image(image) return prediction

title = "Dysgraphia Classification using VGG16 Architecture with Sobel Edge Detection in an Offline Handwriting Analysis" description = "Upload the handwritten image and the model will predict if it shows signs of low potential dysgraphia or potential dysgraphia."

gr.Interface( fn=gradio_interface, inputs=gr.Image(type="pil"), outputs=gr.Textbox(label="Output Prediction"), title=title, description=description ).launch(share=True)