JobBGE-small-en-v1.5

Job - Job matching BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5

Top performing model on TalentCLEF 2025 Task A. Use it for multilingual job title matching

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5 <!-- at revision 5c38ec7c405ec4b44b94cc5a9bb96e735b38267a -->
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Training Datasets:
  • full_en
  • full_de
  • full_es
  • full_zh
  • mix

<!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> <!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Volksvertreter',
    'Parlamentarier',
    'Oberbürgermeister',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

<!-- ### Direct Usage (Transformers) <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) You can finetune this model on your own dataset. <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Out-of-Scope Use *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* -->

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Datasets: full_en, full_es, full_de, full_zh, mix_es, mix_de and mix_zh
• Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>

<!-- ## Bias, Risks and Limitations *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* --> <!-- ### Recommendations *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* -->

Training Details

Training Datasets

<details><summary>full_en</summary>

full_en

• Dataset: full_en
• Size: 28,880 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.0 tokens</li><li>max: 10 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.01 tokens</li><li>max: 13 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>air commodore</code>	<code>flight lieutenant</code>
  <code>command and control officer</code>	<code>flight officer</code>
  <code>air commodore</code>	<code>command and control officer</code>

• Loss: <code>GISTEmbedLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {'guide': SentenceTransformer(
    (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
    (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
    (2): Normalize()
  ), 'temperature': 0.01, 'margin_strategy': 'absolute', 'margin': 0.0}
  

</details> <details><summary>full_de</summary>

full_de

• Dataset: full_de
• Size: 23,023 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.05 tokens</li><li>max: 45 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.43 tokens</li><li>max: 45 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>Staffelkommandantin</code>	<code>Kommodore</code>
  <code>Luftwaffenoffizierin</code>	<code>Luftwaffenoffizier/Luftwaffenoffizierin</code>
  <code>Staffelkommandantin</code>	<code>Luftwaffenoffizierin</code>

• Loss: <code>GISTEmbedLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {'guide': SentenceTransformer(
    (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
    (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
    (2): Normalize()
  ), 'temperature': 0.01, 'margin_strategy': 'absolute', 'margin': 0.0}
  

</details> <details><summary>full_es</summary>

full_es

• Dataset: full_es
• Size: 20,724 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.95 tokens</li><li>max: 50 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.57 tokens</li><li>max: 50 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>jefe de escuadrón</code>	<code>instructor</code>
  <code>comandante de aeronave</code>	<code>instructor de simulador</code>
  <code>instructor</code>	<code>oficial del Ejército del Aire</code>

• Loss: <code>GISTEmbedLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {'guide': SentenceTransformer(
    (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
    (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
    (2): Normalize()
  ), 'temperature': 0.01, 'margin_strategy': 'absolute', 'margin': 0.0}
  

</details> <details><summary>full_zh</summary>

full_zh

• Dataset: full_zh
• Size: 30,401 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.36 tokens</li><li>max: 20 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.95 tokens</li><li>max: 27 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>技术总监</code>	<code>技术和运营总监</code>
  <code>技术总监</code>	<code>技术主管</code>
  <code>技术总监</code>	<code>技术艺术总监</code>

• Loss: <code>GISTEmbedLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {'guide': SentenceTransformer(
    (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
    (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
    (2): Normalize()
  ), 'temperature': 0.01, 'margin_strategy': 'absolute', 'margin': 0.0}
  

</details> <details><summary>mix</summary>

mix

• Dataset: mix
• Size: 21,760 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 2 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.65 tokens</li><li>max: 14 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 2 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.08 tokens</li><li>max: 30 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>technical manager</code>	<code>Technischer Direktor für Bühne, Film und Fernsehen</code>
  <code>head of technical</code>	<code>directora técnica</code>
  <code>head of technical department</code>	<code>技术艺术总监</code>

• Loss: <code>GISTEmbedLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {'guide': SentenceTransformer(
    (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
    (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
    (2): Normalize()
  ), 'temperature': 0.01, 'margin_strategy': 'absolute', 'margin': 0.0}
  

</details>

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 2
• num_train_epochs: 5
• warmup_ratio: 0.05
• log_on_each_node: False
• fp16: True
• dataloader_num_workers: 4
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: True
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 2
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 5
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.05
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: False
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: True
• dataloader_num_workers: 4
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• tp_size: 0
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: True
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

</details>

Training Logs

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.11
• Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
• Transformers: 4.51.3
• PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
• Accelerate: 1.6.0
• Datasets: 3.5.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

GISTEmbedLoss

@misc{solatorio2024gistembed,
    title={GISTEmbed: Guided In-sample Selection of Training Negatives for Text Embedding Fine-tuning},
    author={Aivin V. Solatorio},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2402.16829},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

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