go_emotions

Overview

Model trained from roberta-base on the go_emotions dataset for multi-label classification.

ONNX version also available

A version of this model in ONNX format (including an INT8 quantized ONNX version) is now available at https://huggingface.co/SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions-onnx. These are faster for inference, esp for smaller batch sizes, massively reduce the size of the dependencies required for inference, make inference of the model more multi-platform, and in the case of the quantized version reduce the model file/download size by 75% whilst retaining almost all the accuracy if you only need inference.

Dataset used for the model

go_emotions is based on Reddit data and has 28 labels. It is a multi-label dataset where one or multiple labels may apply for any given input text, hence this model is a multi-label classification model with 28 'probability' float outputs for any given input text. Typically a threshold of 0.5 is applied to the probabilities for the prediction for each label.

How the model was created

The model was trained using AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained with problem_type="multi_label_classification" for 3 epochs with a learning rate of 2e-5 and weight decay of 0.01.

Inference

There are multiple ways to use this model in Huggingface Transformers. Possibly the simplest is using a pipeline:

from transformers import pipeline

classifier = pipeline(task="text-classification", model="SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions", top_k=None)

sentences = ["I am not having a great day"]

model_outputs = classifier(sentences)
print(model_outputs[0])
# produces a list of dicts for each of the labels

Evaluation / metrics

Evaluation of the model is available at

• https://github.com/samlowe/go_emotions-dataset/blob/main/eval-roberta-base-go_emotions.ipynb

Summary

As provided in the above notebook, evaluation of the multi-label output (of the 28 dim output via a threshold of 0.5 to binarize each) using the dataset test split gives:

• Accuracy: 0.474
• Precision: 0.575
• Recall: 0.396
• F1: 0.450

But the metrics are more meaningful when measured per label given the multi-label nature (each label is effectively an independent binary classification) and the fact that there is drastically different representations of the labels in the dataset.

With a threshold of 0.5 applied to binarize the model outputs, as per the above notebook, the metrics per label are:

Optimizing the threshold per label for the one that gives the optimum F1 metrics gives slightly better metrics - sacrificing some precision for a greater gain in recall, hence to the benefit of F1 (how this was done is shown in the above notebook):

This improves the overall metrics:

• Precision: 0.542
• Recall: 0.577
• F1: 0.541

Or if calculated weighted by the relative size of the support of each label:

• Precision: 0.572
• Recall: 0.677
• F1: 0.611

Commentary on the dataset

Some labels (E.g. gratitude) when considered independently perform very strongly with F1 exceeding 0.9, whilst others (E.g. relief) perform very poorly.

This is a challenging dataset. Labels such as relief do have much fewer examples in the training data (less than 100 out of the 40k+, and only 11 in the test split).

But there is also some ambiguity and/or labelling errors visible in the training data of go_emotions that is suspected to constrain the performance. Data cleaning on the dataset to reduce some of the mistakes, ambiguity, conflicts and duplication in the labelling would produce a higher performing model.