mpnet_finetuned_semantic

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2 <!-- at revision 84f2bcc00d77236f9e89c8a360a00fb1139bf47d -->
• Maximum Sequence Length: 384 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> <!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> <!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 384, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("jet-taekyo/mpnet_finetuned_semantic")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What impact do automated systems have on underserved communities?',
    "automated systems make on underserved communities and to institute proactive protections that support these \ncommunities. \n•\nAn automated system using nontraditional factors such as educational attainment and employment history as\npart of its loan underwriting and pricing model was found to be much more likely to charge an applicant who\nattended a Historically Black College or University (HBCU) higher loan prices for refinancing a student loan\nthan an applicant who did not attend an HBCU. This was found to be true even when controlling for\nother credit-related factors.32\n•\nA hiring tool that learned the features of a company's employees (predominantly men) rejected women appli\xad\ncants for spurious and discriminatory reasons; resumes with the word “women’s,” such as “women’s\nchess club captain,” were penalized in the candidate ranking.33\n•\nA predictive model marketed as being able to predict whether students are likely to drop out of school was",
    'on a principle of local control, such that those individuals closest to the data subject have more access while \nthose who are less proximate do not (e.g., a teacher has access to their students’ daily progress data while a \nsuperintendent does not). \nReporting. In addition to the reporting on data privacy (as listed above for non-sensitive data), entities devel-\noping technologies related to a sensitive domain and those collecting, using, storing, or sharing sensitive data \nshould, whenever appropriate, regularly provide public reports describing: any data security lapses or breaches \nthat resulted in sensitive data leaks; the number, type, and outcomes of ethical pre-reviews undertaken; a \ndescription of any data sold, shared, or made public, and how that data was assessed to determine it did not pres-\nent a sensitive data risk; and ongoing risk identification and management procedures, and any mitigation added',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

<!-- ### Direct Usage (Transformers) <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) You can finetune this model on your own dataset. <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Out-of-Scope Use *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* -->

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>

Information Retrieval

• Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>

<!-- ## Bias, Risks and Limitations *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* --> <!-- ### Recommendations *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* -->

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 714 training samples
• Columns: <code>sentence_0</code> and <code>sentence_1</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 714 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 17.7 tokens</li><li>max: 36 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 2 tokens</li><li>mean: 176.29 tokens</li><li>max: 384 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1
  <code>What are the key characteristics of high-integrity information?</code>	<code>This information can be linked to the original source(s) with appropriate evidence. High-integrity <br>information is also accurate and reliable, can be verified and authenticated, has a clear chain of custody, <br>and creates reasonable expectations about when its validity may expire.”11 <br> <br> <br>11 This definition of information integrity is derived from the 2022 White House Roadmap for Researchers on <br>Priorities Related to Information Integrity Research and Development. </code>
  <code>How can the validity of information be verified and authenticated?</code>	<code>This information can be linked to the original source(s) with appropriate evidence. High-integrity <br>information is also accurate and reliable, can be verified and authenticated, has a clear chain of custody, <br>and creates reasonable expectations about when its validity may expire.”11 <br> <br> <br>11 This definition of information integrity is derived from the 2022 White House Roadmap for Researchers on <br>Priorities Related to Information Integrity Research and Development. </code>
  <code>What should trigger the use of a human alternative in the attainment process?</code>	<code>In many scenarios, there is a reasonable expectation <br>of human involvement in attaining rights, opportunities, or access. When automated systems make up part of <br>the attainment process, alternative timely human-driven processes should be provided. The use of a human <br>alternative should be triggered by an opt-out process. Timely and not burdensome human alternative. Opting out should be timely and not unreasonably <br>burdensome in both the process of requesting to opt-out and the human-driven alternative provided. Provide timely human consideration and remedy by a fallback and escalation system in the <br>event that an automated system fails, produces error, or you would like to appeal or con­<br>test its impacts on you <br>Proportionate. The availability of human consideration and fallback, along with associated training and <br>safeguards against human bias, should be proportionate to the potential of the automated system to meaning­<br>fully impact rights, opportunities, or access. Automated systems that have greater control over outcomes, <br>provide input to high-stakes decisions, relate to sensitive domains, or otherwise have a greater potential to <br>meaningfully impact rights, opportunities, or access should have greater availability (e.g., staffing) and over­<br>sight of human consideration and fallback mechanisms. Accessible. Mechanisms for human consideration and fallback, whether in-person, on paper, by phone, or <br>otherwise provided, should be easy to find and use. These mechanisms should be tested to ensure that users <br>who have trouble with the automated system are able to use human consideration and fallback, with the under­<br>standing that it may be these users who are most likely to need the human assistance. Similarly, it should be <br>tested to ensure that users with disabilities are able to find and use human consideration and fallback and also <br>request reasonable accommodations or modifications. Convenient. Mechanisms for human consideration and fallback should not be unreasonably burdensome as <br>compared to the automated system’s equivalent. 49<br></code>

• Loss: <code>MatryoshkaLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 20
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 20
• num_train_epochs: 5
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 20
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 20
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 5
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: False
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

</details>

Training Logs

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.9
• Sentence Transformers: 3.1.0
• Transformers: 4.44.2
• PyTorch: 2.4.1+cu121
• Accelerate: 0.34.2
• Datasets: 3.0.0
• Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

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