project_urd

URD — UniScale Unified Scale-Aware Multi-View 3D Reconstruction

Part of the ANIMA Perception Suite by Robot Flow Labs.

Paper

UniScale: Unified Scale-Aware Multi-View 3D Reconstruction arXiv: 2602.23224

Architecture

UniScale combines camera intrinsics, extrinsics, metric depth, and 3D point cloud generation into a single neural network forward pass. The core design leverages frozen DINOv2 ViT-B/14 foundation model features with lightweight scale-aware pose and depth decoders, enabling metrically consistent multi-view 3D reconstruction without iterative optimization (no RANSAC, no bundle adjustment).

Key components:

• Foundation Encoder: Frozen DINOv2 ViT-B/14 (86M params)
• Scale-Aware Pose Decoder: Estimates intrinsics + extrinsics + metric scale
• Metric Depth Generator: Dense depth maps with confidence estimation
• Point Cloud Generator: Direct 3D point maps in metric world coordinates

Exported Formats

Training

• Dataset: NYU Depth V2 (654 train / 654 val)
• Hardware: NVIDIA L4 (23GB VRAM)
• Checkpoint: final.pth (epoch 30/30)
• Stages: 2-stage curriculum
  • Stage 1 (epochs 1-5): Frozen encoder, batch=64, lr=1e-4
  • Stage 2 (epochs 6-30): Unfrozen encoder, batch=16, lr=1e-5, gradient checkpointing
• Best val_loss: 0.1175 (epoch 18)
• Training time: ~97 minutes
• Optimizer: AdamW (weight_decay=0.01)
• Scheduler: Cosine annealing with 2-epoch warmup
• Seed: 42

See configs/ for full hyperparameters and logs/training_history.json for loss curves.

Usage

import torch
from anima_urd.model import UniScale

# Load from checkpoint
model = UniScale.load("pytorch/urd_v1.pth", device="cuda")
model.eval()

# Inference: 4 multi-view images at 512x512
images = torch.randn(1, 4, 3, 512, 512, device="cuda")
with torch.no_grad():
    output = model(images)
    depth = output.depth_maps           # [1, 4, 512, 512] metric depth (meters)
    confidence = output.depth_confidence # [1, 4, 512, 512]
    intrinsics = output.intrinsics      # [1, 3, 3]
    scale = output.scale_factors        # [1] metric scale

Multi-Robot Deployment

UniScale is designed for multi-robot coordination:

• Each robot runs feed-forward inference locally (no iterative optimization)
• Predicted metric scale enables direct point cloud merging across robots
• Linear scaling O(NM) vs quadratic O(N^2M^2) for traditional BA

Citation

@article{UniScale_2026,
  title={UniScale Unified Scale-Aware Multi-View 3D Reconstruction},
  year={2026},
  eprint={2602.23224},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CV},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23224}
}

License

Apache 2.0 — Robot Flow Labs / AIFLOW LABS LIMITED