zho_hant_5mb

zho_hant_5mb

Goldfish is a suite of monolingual language models trained for 350 languages. This model is the <b>Chinese</b> (Han Traditional script) model trained on 5MB of data, after accounting for an estimated byte premium of 0.99; content-matched text in Chinese takes on average 0.99x as many UTF-8 bytes to encode as English. The Goldfish models are trained primarily for comparability across languages and for low-resource languages; Goldfish performance for high-resource languages is not designed to be comparable with modern large language models (LLMs).

Note: This language is available in Goldfish with other scripts (writing systems). See: zho_hans.

Note: zho_hant is a macrolanguage code. Individual language codes yue_hant (Yue Chinese) and lzh_hant (Literary Chinese) are included in Goldfish, although with less data.

All training and hyperparameter details are in our paper, Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages (Chang et al., 2024).

Training code and sample usage: https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish

Sample usage also in this Google Colab: link

Model details:

To access all Goldfish model details programmatically, see https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/blob/main/model_details.json. All models are trained with a [CLS] (same as [BOS]) token prepended, and a [SEP] (same as [EOS]) token separating sequences. For best results, make sure that [CLS] is prepended to your input sequence (see sample usage linked above)! Details for this model specifically:

• Architecture: gpt2
• Parameters: 39087104
• Maximum sequence length: 512 tokens
• Training text data (raw): 4.95MB
• Training text data (byte premium scaled): 5.005MB
• Training tokens: 1239552 (x10 epochs)
• Vocabulary size: 50000
• Compute cost: 936763242577920.0 FLOPs or ~0.1 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours

Training datasets (percentages prior to deduplication):

• 36.42318%: NLLB (CommonCrawl and ParaCrawl)
• 33.54996%: Wikipedia 2023/08
• 29.93702%: Glot500, including CCNet, Tatoeba, Wikipedia Hugging Face
• 0.08984%: Tatoeba

Citation

If you use this model, please cite:

@article{chang-etal-2024-goldfish,
  title={Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages},
  author={Chang, Tyler A. and Arnett, Catherine and Tu, Zhuowen and Bergen, Benjamin K.},
  journal={Preprint},
  year={2024},
  url={https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441},
}