aze_latn_1000mb

aze_latn_1000mb

Goldfish is a suite of monolingual language models trained for 350 languages. This model is the <b>Azerbaijani</b> (Latin script) model trained on 1000MB of data, after accounting for an estimated byte premium of 1.30; content-matched text in Azerbaijani takes on average 1.30x as many UTF-8 bytes to encode as English. The Goldfish models are trained primarily for comparability across languages and for low-resource languages; Goldfish performance for high-resource languages is not designed to be comparable with modern large language models (LLMs).

Note: This language is available in Goldfish with other scripts (writing systems). See: aze_cyrl, aze_arab.

Note: aze_latn is a macrolanguage code. Individual language code azj_latn (North Azerbaijani) is included in Goldfish, although with less data.

All training and hyperparameter details are in our paper, Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages (Chang et al., 2024).

Training code and sample usage: https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish

Sample usage also in this Google Colab: link

Model details:

To access all Goldfish model details programmatically, see https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/blob/main/model_details.json. All models are trained with a [CLS] (same as [BOS]) token prepended, and a [SEP] (same as [EOS]) token separating sequences. For best results, make sure that [CLS] is prepended to your input sequence (see sample usage linked above)! Details for this model specifically:

• Architecture: gpt2
• Parameters: 124770816
• Maximum sequence length: 512 tokens
• Training text data (raw): 1298.79MB
• Training text data (byte premium scaled): 1000.005MB
• Training tokens: 233091584 (x10 epochs)
• Vocabulary size: 50000
• Compute cost: 1.189600434192384e+18 FLOPs or ~112.5 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours

Training datasets (percentages prior to deduplication):

• 81.37652%: Glot500, including CCNet, Earthlings, Wortschatz Leipzig Data, MC4, OSCAR, TIL, W2C, Wikipedia Hugging Face, WikiMatrix, XLSum
• 18.62348%: OSCAR 2021/09

Citation

If you use this model, please cite:

@article{chang-etal-2024-goldfish,
  title={Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages},
  author={Chang, Tyler A. and Arnett, Catherine and Tu, Zhuowen and Bergen, Benjamin K.},
  journal={Preprint},
  year={2024},
  url={https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441},
}