snowflake-arctic-embed-m-finetuned

SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m <!-- at revision e2b128b9fa60c82b4585512b33e1544224ffff42 -->
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> <!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> <!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("gmedrano/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-finetuned")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'How does the AI Bill of Rights protect individual privacy?',
    'principles for managing information about individuals have been incorporated into data privacy laws and \npolicies across the globe.5 The Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights embraces elements of the FIPPs that are \nparticularly relevant to automated systems, without articulating a specific set of FIPPs or scoping \napplicability or the interests served to a single particular domain, like privacy, civil rights and civil liberties,',
    'harmful \nuses. \nThe \nNIST \nframework \nwill \nconsider \nand \nencompass \nprinciples \nsuch \nas \ntransparency, accountability, and fairness during pre-design, design and development, deployment, use, \nand testing and evaluation of AI technologies and systems. It is expected to be released in the winter of 2022-23. \n21',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

<!-- ### Direct Usage (Transformers) <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) You can finetune this model on your own dataset. <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Out-of-Scope Use *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* -->

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

• Dataset: val
• Evaluated with <code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>

Semantic Similarity

• Dataset: test
• Evaluated with <code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>

<!-- ## Bias, Risks and Limitations *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* --> <!-- ### Recommendations *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* -->

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 40 training samples
• Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 40 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  type	string	string	float
  details	<ul><li>min: 12 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.43 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 41 tokens</li><li>mean: 80.55 tokens</li><li>max: 117 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 0.53</li><li>mean: 0.61</li><li>max: 0.76</li></ul>

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  <code>What should business leaders understand about AI risk management?</code>	<code>57 <br>National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023) AI Risk Management Framework, Appendix B: <br>How AI Risks Differ from Traditional Software Risks. <br>https://airc.nist.gov/AI_RMF_Knowledge_Base/AI_RMF/Appendices/Appendix_B <br>National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023) AI RMF Playbook. <br>https://airc.nist.gov/AI_RMF_Knowledge_Base/Playbook <br>National Institue of Standards and Technology (2023) Framing Risk</code>	<code>0.5692041097520776</code>
  <code>What kind of data protection measures are required under current AI regulations?</code>	<code>GOVERN 1.1: Legal and regulatory requirements involving AI are understood, managed, and documented. <br>Action ID <br>Suggested Action <br>GAI Risks <br>GV-1.1-001 Align GAI development and use with applicable laws and regulations, including <br>those related to data privacy, copyright and intellectual property law. <br>Data Privacy; Harmful Bias and <br>Homogenization; Intellectual <br>Property <br>AI Actor Tasks: Governance and Oversight</code>	<code>0.5830958798587019</code>
  <code>What are the implications of AI in decision-making processes?</code>	<code>state of the science of AI measurement and safety today. This document focuses on risks for which there <br>is an existing empirical evidence base at the time this profile was written; for example, speculative risks <br>that may potentially arise in more advanced, future GAI systems are not considered. Future updates may <br>incorporate additional risks or provide further details on the risks identified below.</code>	<code>0.5317174553776045</code>

• Loss: <code>CosineSimilarityLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 3
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: False
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

</details>

Training Logs

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.9
• Sentence Transformers: 3.1.1
• Transformers: 4.44.2
• PyTorch: 2.2.2
• Accelerate: 0.34.2
• Datasets: 3.0.0
• Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

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