VPPO-32B

Model Card for VPPO-32B

Model Details

Model Description

VPPO-32B is a state-of-the-art Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM) specialized for complex multimodal reasoning tasks. It is the 32B parameter version of our model, fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-VL-32B-Instruct using a novel reinforcement learning algorithm called Visually-Perceptive Policy Optimization (VPPO).

The core innovation of VPPO is its ability to solve the "uniform learning signal" problem that plagues standard RL fine-tuning. Instead of broadcasting a single reward to all tokens in a reasoning chain, VPPO intelligently identifies and focuses policy updates on the sparse, critical tokens that are highly dependent on visual input. This hierarchical "spotlight" mechanism allows the model to develop a more robust and genuine perception-grounded reasoning capability.

As a result, VPPO-32B demonstrates significant performance improvements over strong baselines across a wide range of challenging benchmarks, including mathematics, geometry, and logic problems. It also exhibits superior training stability and faster convergence.

• Model type: Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM)
• Finetuned from model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-32B-Instruct

Model Sources

• Repository: VPPO-RL
• Paper: 2510.09285

Training Details

Training Data

The model was fine-tuned on ViRL39K, a diverse collection of multimodal reasoning problems. The original dataset can be found on the Hugging Face Hub: TIGER-Lab/ViRL39K.

Training Procedure

The model was trained using our Visually-Perceptive Policy Optimization (VPPO) algorithm, which is a modification of the Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) framework. The procedure involves generating responses, calculating token-level visual dependency, and using this dependency to shape the advantage and filter gradients during the policy update step.

Training Hyperparameters

• Base Model: Qwen2.5-VL-32B-Instruct
• Algorithm: VPPO
• Epochs: 2
• Learning Rate: 1e-6
• Rollout Batch Size: 384
• Max Response Length: 2048
• Entropy Penalty Coefficient: 0.06
• Gradient Filtering Ratio (k): 0.4
• Advantage Shaping Min (β_min): 0.9
• Training Regime: bf16 mixed precision

Evaluation

Testing Data, Factors & Metrics

Testing Data

The model was evaluated on a comprehensive suite of 8 diverse multimodal reasoning benchmarks:

• Math & Geometry: Geo3k, We-Math, MathVerse, MathVision, DynaMath, MMK12
• Logic: LogicVista
• Multi-discipline: MMMU-Pro

Metrics

Performance is measured by average accuracy@8, which is the average success rate over 8 independent generations per problem (at temperature=1.0) using exact-match scoring.

Citation

If you use this model in your work, please cite our paper:

BibTeX:

@article{huang2025spotlight,
  title={Spotlight on Token Perception for Multimodal Reinforcement Learning},
  author={Huang, Siyuan and Qu, Xiaoye and Li, Yafu and Luo, Yun and He, Zefeng and Liu, Daizong and Cheng, Yu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.09285},
  year={2025}
}