drbert-umls-kgi

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BERT encoder for French biomedical text, trained on the the European Clinical Case corpus as well as the UMLS metathesaurus knowledge graph, starting from the DrBERT-4GB checkpoint, as described in this paper. The training corpus consists of a custom combination of clinical documents from the E3C and text sequences derived from the metathesaurus (see our Github repo for more details).

Model Details

This model was trained using a multi-task approach combining Masked Language Modelling with knowledge-graph-based classification/fill-mask type objectives. The idea behind this framework was to try to improve the robustness of specialised biomedical BERT models by having them learn from structured data as well as natural language, while remaining in the cross-entropy-based learning paradigm.

• Developed by: Aidan Mannion
• Funded by : GENCI-IDRIS grant AD011013535R1
• Model type: DistilBERT
• Language(s) (NLP): French

For further details on the model architecture, training objectives, hardware & software used, as well as the preliminary downstream evaluation experiments carried out, refer to the ArXiv paper.

UMLS-KGI Models

Direct/Downstream Use

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This model is intended for use in experimental clinical/biomedical NLP work, either as a part of a larger system requiring text encoding or fine-tuned on a specific downstream task requiring clinical language modelling. It has not been sufficiently tested for accuracy, robustness and bias to be used in production settings.

Out-of-Scope Use

Experiments on general-domain data suggest that, given it's specialised training corpus, this model is not suitable for use on out-of-domain NLP tasks, and we recommend that it only be used for processing clinical text.

Training Data

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• European Clinical Case Corpus
• UMLS Metathesaurus

Training Hyperparameters

• sequence length: 256
• learning rate 7.5e-5
• linear learning rate schedule with 10,770 warmup steps
• effective batch size 1500 (15 sequences per batch x 100 gradient accumulation steps)
• MLM masking probability 0.15

Training regime: The model was trained with fp16 non-mixed precision, using the AdamW optimizer with default parameters.

Evaluation

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Testing Data, Factors & Metrics

Testing Data

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[More Information Needed]

Metrics

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Results

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Citation [BibTeX]

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@inproceedings{mannion-etal-2023-umls,
    title = "{UMLS}-{KGI}-{BERT}: Data-Centric Knowledge Integration in Transformers for Biomedical Entity Recognition",
    author = "Mannion, Aidan  and
      Schwab, Didier  and
      Goeuriot, Lorraine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Toronto, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.clinicalnlp-1.35",
    pages = "312--322",
    abstract = "Pre-trained transformer language models (LMs) have in recent years become the dominant paradigm in applied NLP. These models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on tasks such as information extraction, question answering, sentiment analysis, document classification and many others. In the biomedical domain, significant progress has been made in adapting this paradigm to NLP tasks that require the integration of domain-specific knowledge as well as statistical modelling of language. In particular, research in this area has focused on the question of how best to construct LMs that take into account not only the patterns of token distribution in medical text, but also the wealth of structured information contained in terminology resources such as the UMLS. This work contributes a data-centric paradigm for enriching the language representations of biomedical transformer-encoder LMs by extracting text sequences from the UMLS.This allows for graph-based learning objectives to be combined with masked-language pre-training. Preliminary results from experiments in the extension of pre-trained LMs as well as training from scratch show that this framework improves downstream performance on multiple biomedical and clinical Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks. All pre-trained models, data processing pipelines and evaluation scripts will be made publicly available.",
}

@misc{mannion2023umlskgibert,
      title={UMLS-KGI-BERT: Data-Centric Knowledge Integration in Transformers for Biomedical Entity Recognition}, 
      author={Aidan Mannion and Thierry Chevalier and Didier Schwab and Lorraine Geouriot},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2307.11170},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}