bge-base-en-v1.5

BGE base Financial Matryoshka

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 <!-- at revision a5beb1e3e68b9ab74eb54cfd186867f64f240e1a -->
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->

• Language: en
• License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Shashwat13333/bge-base-en-v1.5")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What managed services does TechChefz provide ?',
    '  What we do\n\nDigital Strategy\nCreating digital frameworks that transform your digital enterprise and produce a return on investment.\n\nPlatform Selection\nHelping you select the optimal digital experience, commerce, cloud and marketing platform for your enterprise.\n\nPlatform Builds\nDeploying next-gen scalable and agile enterprise digital platforms, along with multi-platform integrations.\n\nProduct Builds\nHelp you ideate, strategize, and engineer your product with help of our enterprise frameworks \n\nTeam Augmentation\nHelp you scale up and augment your existing team to solve your hiring challenges with our easy to deploy staff augmentation offerings .\nManaged Services\nOperate and monitor your business-critical applications, data, and IT workloads, along with Application maintenance and operations\n',
    'Introducing the world of General Insurance Firm\nIn this project, we implemented Digital Solution and Implementation with Headless Drupal as the CMS, and lightweight React JS (Next JS SSR on Node JS) with the following features:\nPWA & AMP based Web Pages\nPage Speed Optimization\nReusable and scalable React JS / Next JS Templates and Components\nHeadless Drupal CMS with Content & Experience management, approval workflows, etc for seamless collaboration between the business and marketing teams\nMinimalistic Buy and Renewal Journeys for various products, with API integrations and adherence to data compliances\n\nWe achieved 250% Reduction in Operational Time and Effort in managing the Content & Experience for Buy & renew Journeys,220% Reduction in Customer Drops during buy and renewal journeys, 300% Reduction in bounce rate on policy landing and campaign pages',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

<!-- ### Direct Usage (Transformers) <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) You can finetune this model on your own dataset. <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> </details> --> <!-- ### Out-of-Scope Use *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* -->

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Datasets: dim_768, dim_512, dim_256, dim_128 and dim_64
• Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>

<!-- ## Bias, Risks and Limitations *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* --> <!-- ### Recommendations *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* -->

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 150 training samples
• Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• Approximate statistics based on the first 150 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	<ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.4 tokens</li><li>max: 20 tokens</li></ul>	<ul><li>min: 20 tokens</li><li>mean: 126.17 tokens</li><li>max: 378 tokens</li></ul>

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  <code>Is it hard to move old systems to the cloud?</code>	<code>We offer custom software development, digital marketing strategies, and tailored solutions to drive tangible results for your business. Our expert team combines technical prowess with industry insights to propel your business forward in the digital landscape.<br><br>"Engage, analyze & target your customers<br>Digital transformation enables you to interact with customers across multiple channels, providing personalized experiences. This could include social media engagement, interactive websites, and mobile apps." "Empower your employees & partners<br>The push for digital transformation has led many companies to embrace cloud solutions. However, the migration and integration of legacy systems into the cloud often present challenges." "Optimize & automate your operations<br>The push for digital transformation has led many companies to embrace cloud solutions. However, the migration and integration of legacy systems into the cloud often present challenges." "Transform your products<br>The push for digi...</code>
  <code>What benefits does marketing automation offer for time management?</code>	<code>Our MarTech capabilities<br><br>Personalization<br>Involves tailoring marketing messages and experiences to individual customers. It enhances customer engagement, loyalty, and ultimately, conversion rates.<br><br>Marketing Automation<br>Marketing automation streamlines repetitive tasks such as email marketing, lead nurturing, and social media posting. It improves efficiency, saves time, and ensures timely communication with customers.<br><br>Customer Relationship Management<br>CRM systems help manage interactions with current and potential customers. They store customer data, track interactions, and facilitate communication, improving customer retention.</code>
  <code>How can your recommendation engines improve our business?</code>	<code>How can your recommendation engines improve our business?<br>Our recommendation engines are designed to analyze customer behavior and preferences to deliver personalized suggestions, enhancing user experience, increasing sales, and boosting customer retention.</code>

• Loss: <code>MatryoshkaLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: epoch
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
• learning_rate: 1e-05
• weight_decay: 0.01
• num_train_epochs: 4
• lr_scheduler_type: cosine
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• fp16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• optim: adamw_torch_fused
• push_to_hub: True
• hub_model_id: Shashwat13333/bge-base-en-v1.5
• push_to_hub_model_id: bge-base-en-v1.5
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: epoch
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 8
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 1e-05
• weight_decay: 0.01
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 4
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: cosine
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch_fused
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: True
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: Shashwat13333/bge-base-en-v1.5
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: bge-base-en-v1.5
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

</details>

Training Logs

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.11
• Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
• Transformers: 4.47.1
• PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
• Accelerate: 1.2.1
• Datasets: 3.2.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

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