affine-basedmaxxing

Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking

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</p> <img src="fig/nemotron-cascade-14b-thinking-results.png" alt="main_fig" style="width: 1000px; max-width: 100%;" />

Introduction

We're excited to introduce Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking, a powerful general-purpose model trained through sequential and domain-wise reinforcement learning. Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking is post-trained from the Qwen3-14B Base model, and it achieves best-in-class performance across a wide range of benchmarks. Different from Nemotron-Cascade-8B, Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking is designed exclusively for the thinking mode.

Training Pipeline

<img src="fig/pipeline.png" alt="train_pipeline_fig" style="width: 1000px; max-width: 100%;" />

The training pipeline for Nemotron-Cascade begins with a multi-stage SFT phase to equip the model with foundational skills. Subsequently, Cascade RL is applied across multiple domains to further enhance the model’s performance in these areas.

Notably, RLHF for alignment, when used as a pre-step, boosts the model’s complex reasoning ability far beyond mere preference optimization, and subsequent domain-wise RLVR stages rarely degrade the benchmark performance attained in earlier domains and may even improve it (see an illustration in the following Figure).

<figure style="margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <img src="fig/lcb_through_cascade_rl.png" alt="lcb_through_cascade_rl_fig" style="width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <figcaption>The LiveCodeBench v6 (08/24–05/25) performance of the Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking model throughout the Cascade RL process.</figcaption> </figure>

Results

• We evaluate our model against competitive reasoning models on a diverse set of benchmarks, covering general-knowledge reasoning, alignment and instruction following, mathematical reasoning, competitive programming, software engineering, and tool-use proficiency.
• For Nemotron-Cascade models, we use a maximum generation length of 64K tokens and set the temperature to 0.6 and top-p to 0.95 for reasoning tasks.
• Our Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking achieves best-in-class performance across almost all benchmarks. Remarkably, Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking surpasses DeepSeek-R1-0528 (671B) by a clear margin across all LCB v5, v6, and Pro benchmarks.

Usage Recommendations

For local deployment, we recommend setting the sampling parameters to temperature = 0.6, top_p = 0.95. We recommend using RoPE scaling with the YaRN method for better long-context support. This can be enabled by updating the model’s config.json as shown below:

  {
    ...,
    "rope_scaling": {
        "rope_type": "yarn",
        "factor": 2.0,
        "original_max_position_embeddings": 32768
    }
  }

• Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking: use factor: 3.0 to extend the context length to 90K tokens for SWE Verified (Agentless), and factor: 2.0 to extend the context length to 64K tokens for other benchmarks.
• Nemotron-Cascade-8B and Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking: use factor: 2.0 across all benchmarks.

Evaluation Tookit

To reproduce our results, please check evaluation code, scripts, cached prediction files in https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking/blob/main/evaluation/README.md

Chat Template

Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking follows the Qwen3-style ChatML template and is designed exclusively for the thinking mode. To align with the template used in Nemotron-Cascade-8B, the " /think" tag should be appended to the end of the user input. Note that a leading space is included in this tag to ensure correct tokenization.

To reduce the context length in a multi-turn conversation, we include only the final summary of the model’s output in the conversation history and change the user turn’s " /think" tag to " /no_think".

A brief example is shown below:

from transformers import AutoTokenizer

model_name = 'nvidia/Nemotron-Cascade-14B-Thinking'
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)

'''
single-turn example
'''
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "calculate 1+1?"}
]

# only thinking mode is supported (enable_thinking=True)
prompt_thinking = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True, enable_thinking=True)
# prompt_thinking = '<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful and harmless assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\ncalculate 1+1? /think<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n'


'''
multi-turn example
'''
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "calculate 1+1?"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "<think>THINKING_CONTENT</think>\nTo calculate \\(1 + 1\\):\n\n1. **Identify the operation**: This is a basic addition problem involving two integers.\n2. **Perform the addition**:  \n   \\(1 + 1 = 2\\).\n\n**Result**: \\(\\boxed{2}\\)",},
    {"role": "user", "content": "what about 2+2"}
]

# only thinking mode is supported (enable_thinking=True)
prompt_thinking = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True, enable_thinking=True)
# prompt_thinking = '<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful and harmless assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\ncalculate 1+1? /no_think<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\nTo calculate \\(1 + 1\\):\n\n1. **Identify the operation**: This is a basic addition problem involving two integers.\n2. **Perform the addition**:  \n   \\(1 + 1 = 2\\).\n\n**Result**: \\(\\boxed\{2\}\\)<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nwhat about 2+2 /think<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n'

Release Date

Dec 08, 2025

License

Your use of this model is governed by the NVIDIA Open Model License.

Citation

@article{Nemotron_Cascade_Scaling_Cascaded_Reinforcement_Learning,
  title={Nemotron-Cascade: Scaling Cascaded Reinforcement Learning for General-Purpose Reasoning Models},
  author={Wang, Boxin and Lee, Chankyu and Lee, Nayeon and Lin, Sheng-Chieh and Dai, Wenliang and Chen, Yang and Chen, Yangyi and Yang, Zhuolin and Liu, Zihan and Shoeybi, Mohammad and Catanzaro, Bryan and Ping, Wei},
  year={2025}
}